北京市昌平区18~75岁人群肺功能状况及影响因素分析

Analysis of pulmonary function and its influencing factors among 18-75 years old people in Changping district,Beijing

目的探究北京市昌平区18~75岁人群肺功能现状及影响因素。方法随机选取昌平区2330名18~75岁的常住居民,收集一般情况、行为危险因素、健康状况和居住环境,测定用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)和1 s用力呼气量占用力肺活量比例(FEV1/FVC),采用多元线性回归,分析影响肺功能的因素。结果纳入研究对象共2232人,平均年龄为(43.8±13.8)岁,其中男性1131人(50.7%),女性1101人(49.3%);FVC、FEV1和FEV1/FVC分别为(3.0±1.2)L、(2.6±0.8)L和85.2%。经多元回归分析,影响FVC的因素为性别、年龄、文化、BMI和在家是否烹饪(P均<0.05);影响FEV1的因素为年龄、性别、文化、在家是否烹饪、家中是否有新风系统、近3年内是否装修过(P均<0.05);影响FEV1/FVC的因素为年龄、是否被动吸烟、居住地100 m内是否有交通干道(P均<0.05)。结论女性、年龄越大、文化程度越低,FVC、FEV1越低。同时需降低室内空气污染,远离交通干道,减少被动吸烟,从而避免人群肺功能受损。

Objective To analyze the pulmonary function and its influencing factors among 18-75 years old people in Changping district,Beijing.Methods 2330 permanent residents aged 18-75 years in Changping district were randomly selected,and collected their general information,behavioral risk factors,health status and living environment factors.FVC、FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were measured.The factors affecting lung function were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.Results 2232 residents were included in the study.The average age of these residents was 43.8±13.8 years old,and there were 1131 males(50.7%)and 1101 females(49.3%).The FVC,FEV1 and FEV1/FVC of these residents were(3.0±1.2)L,(2.6±0.8)L and 85.2%,respectively.Results of the multivariate regression analysis showed that gender,age,culture,BMI and cooking at home were the factors affecting FVC(P<0.05);age,sex,culture,cooking at home,fresh air system at home and renovation in recent three years were the factors affecting FEV1(P<0.05);age,passive smoking,and main roads within 100 meters of residence were the factors affecting FEV1/FVC(P<0.05).Conclusions The FVC and FEV1 were lower for females,the elderly and less educated.And reducing indoor air pollution,staying away from traffic roads and reducing passive smoking could avoid the impairment of pulmonary function.