北京市居民关于霾风险与控制的认知与态度

Cognition and attitude to the risk and control of haze among residents in Beijing

目的了解北京市居民对霾的认知和态度现况,为制定健康教育策略和干预措施提供科学依据。方法2018年11月,面向所有在北京市注册关注“东城区疾病预防控制中心”公众号成员发放自行设计的《北京市居民霾风险与控制的认知与态度》调查问卷,调查对象自愿在网上填写问卷,两周后回收问卷。使用SPSS 19.0进行数据的统计分析,采用χ^2趋势检验比较不同人群分布的霾认知和态度差异,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共发放问卷15698份,回收有效问卷15334份,有效率97.7%。霾基本知识得分及格率为60.5%。81.1%的调查对象对目前国家治理霾的效果满意,92.7%的调查对象认为减少私家车出行对治理霾有帮助,95.3%的调查对象愿意增加绿色出行时间,93.5%的调查对象支持机动车单双号出行。18~44岁组、女性、大学学历的调查对象霾基本知识及格率、风险危害认知和关注程度最高。认为霾危害越大(χ^2=842.148,P<0.001),对霾关注程度越高的调查对象(χ^2=948.797,P<0.001),其霾基本知识得分及格率越高。结论北京市居民霾相关知识掌握一般,认知水平良好,今后应针对关键知识点对重点人群分层开展霾防护知识宣传。

Objective To understand the status of cognition and attitude for haze among residents in Beijing and formulate targeted health education strategies and interventions.Methods In November 2018,the questionnaires concerning“Cognitive and Attitude of Haze Risk and Control in Beijing Residents”was distributed to all register of the“Dongcheng District CDC”public accounts.Two weeks later,the questionnaire was collected,after the questionnaire was filled out by voluntary register online.With SPSS 19.0,the datasets was analysis and the Chi square trend test was performed to discover the differences of cognition and attitude for haze between different population distribution.Results In a total 15698 distributed questionnaires,15334 valid questionnaires were returned with an effective rate of 97.7%.Among these valid questinnaires,the smog basic knowledge score pass rate was 60.5 percent,81.1 percent of the respondents were satisfied with the current national smog action,92.7 percent of the respondents believed that reducing private car travel would help to control smog,95.3 percent of respondents were willing to increase green travel time,and 93.5 percent of respondents supported the odd-even car ban.Among the respondents,the subjects of 18-44 year old group,female,and people with college degree scored high in basic knowledge,risk prevention and control cognition and attitude.For the respondents,the higher rate of knowing the harm of smog(χ2=842.148,P<0.001),the higher the concern degree(χ2=948.797,P<0.001)as well as the pass rate of basic knowledge of smog.Conclusions To the smog,the residents of Beijing displayed good cognition in spit of level general of recognizing rate.In the future,knowledge should be stratified for key populations in key points during publicizing smog protection.