我国21省孕妇学校健康教育现状调查及创新分析

Investigation and innovation analysis of the health education of pregnant women school in 21 provinces of China

目的分析我国孕妇学校健康教育现状,并提出创新我国孕妇学校健康教育的相关举措及建议。方法设计孕妇学校健康教育"投入、管理、新媒体信息技术应用"的问卷,对全国21个省份154家助产机构(综合医院40家、妇幼保健院114家)开展调查。采用Excel和SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行分析。结果调查的助产机构孕妇学校有专项经费支持(26.6%)、有固定教室(94.8%)、有多媒体教学设备(92.2%)、有专职人员(56.4%)、有制定孕妇学校实施管理方案(77.3%)、有实行孕妇学校信息智能化管理(44.1%)的比例均高于广东省2016年调查结果。妇幼保健院中有专项经费支持(33.3%vs 7.5%,χ^2=7.931,P=0.005)、有专职人员(63.2%vs 37.5%,χ^2=10.115,P=0.001)和有制定孕妇学校实施管理方案(85.1%vs55.0%,χ^2=15.263,P<0.001)的比例均高于综合医院。16.2%的助产机构孕妇学校信息智能化管理平台能实现6个以上功能,93.7%有孕妇学校信息智能化管理的助产机构认为信息智能化管理平台对孕妇学校的管理工作有很大帮助,但同时也反馈平台使用中存在不少问题。助产机构有专项经费、有制定孕妇学校实施方案、有多科室协助以及有专职人员支持孕妇学校工作的开展,其孕妇学校信息智能化管理程度也越高。结论妇幼卫生政策对孕妇学校的发展有正向引导作用,绝大数助产机构孕妇学校健康教育缺乏经费支持。建议加强政策引导和资金投入实现孕妇学校"线上与线下"健康教育,并重视通过应用新媒体信息技术加强孕妇学校健康教育的规范化管理。

Objective To analyze the status of pregnant women school health education(PWSHE)in China and put forward some innovative suggestions for PWSHE.Methods A questionnaire including three dimensions of input,management and application of new media information technology was designed and a survey was conducted on 154 midwifery institutions(40 general hospitals and 114 maternal and child health care hospitals)covering 21 provinces of China.The data were analyzed by Excel and SPSS 21.0 software.Results The proportions of midwifery institutions that had special fund support(26.6%),fixed classroom(94.8%),Multimedia teaching equipment(92.2%),full-time staff(56.4%),implementation management protocol(77.3%)and applied information intelligent management(44.1%)for pregnant women school(PWS)were all higher than the survey results of Guangdong province in2016.The proportions of maternal and child health care hospitals which had special fund support(33.3%vs 7.5%,χ^2=7.931,P=0.005),full-time staff(63.2%vs 37.5%,χ^2=10.115,P=0.001)and implementation management protocol(85.1%vs 55.0%,χ^2=15.263,P<0.001)were higher than those of general hospitals.16.2%of the midwifery institutions had realized more than 6 functions of information intelligent management and 93.7%of them thought that the information intelligent management platform was very helpful for the management of PWS,however,at the same time,there were many problems in the use of the platform.Midwifery institutions which had special fund support,implementation management protocol,multi-disciplinary assistance and full-time staff for PWS,their information intelligent management for PWS were higher.Conclusions The maternal and child health policy had played a vital role in guiding the development of PWS.It is suggested that policy guidance and funds should be strengthened to realize"on-line and off-line"PWS health education and the standardized management of PWSHE should be strengthened through the application of new media information technology.