兰州地区孕妇孕期膳食模式调查研究

Dietary patterns among pregnant woman in Lanzhou

目的调查分析孕期食物摄入种类及数量,了解兰州地区妊娠妇女膳食模式特点,为进一步干预与指导提供理论依据。方法随机选取2019年3-9月在甘肃省妇幼保健院产科门诊定期产检的健康妊娠早、中、晚期妇女690名,采用回顾法记录调查前24小时内的饮食摄入情况,采用中国孕期膳食平衡指数分析主要的膳食模式,计量资料采用均数±标准差进行统计描述。使用卡方检验分析不同教育程度及职业的孕妇中膳食模式的差异情况。结果兰州地区妊娠期妇女孕期食物摄入过量问题较少,但存在一定程度摄入不足。膳食模式特点以畜肉类、蔬菜类、水果类摄入为主,豆类、奶类、水产类在整个孕期摄入极少。受教育程度较高者孕期膳食摄入更趋合理,无业者孕期膳食摄入不合理情况更突出。结论孕期膳食结构的合理性有待改善,加强平衡膳食的健康宣教及孕期个体化营养指导,使妊娠膳食结构更合理。

Objective To investigate and analyze the types and quantity of food intake during pregnancy,to investigate and analyze the types and quantity of food intake during pregnancy,and to understand the characteristics of dietary patterns of pregnant women in Lanzhou,so as to provide theoretical basis for further intervention and guidance.Methods With random sampling,a questionnaire survey on food intake was conducted from March to September 2019 among 690 women who underwent regular antenatal examinations in Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital.The dietary intake Within 24 hours before the investigation was recorded by retrospective method.Principal components analysis was used to identify dietary patterns.The measurement data were statistically described as mean±standard deviation and the chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in dietary patterns among pregnant women with different education levels and occupations.Results The problem of excessive food intake of pregnant women in Lanzhou was less,but but there was a certain degree of insufficient food intake.The dietary pattern during pregnancy was dominated by intake of meat,vegetables and fruits.However,beans,milk,aquatic products were rarely consumed throughout pregnancy.The higher level of education,the more reasonable dietary intake during pregnancy,and the unreasonable dietary intake of unemployed pregnant women was more prominent.Conclusion The rationality of the dietary structure in pregnancy needs to be improved.The health education of balanced diet and individualized nutrition guidance in pregnancy should be strengthened to make the dietary structure in pregnancy more reasonable.