自然人债务清理咨询制度研究:域外经验与启示

Research on the Natural Person Debt Liquidation Consulting System:Extraterritorial Experience and Its Enlightenment

我国市场经济的发展,迫切需要自然人债务清理咨询制度的建立,这也是自然人市场主体有效处理债务危机与我国破产立法体系完善的必然选择。诸多市场经济国家结合本地实践适用了不同的债务咨询规范。我国自然人债务清理咨询制度的建构,适宜区分正式自然人破产制度建立的前后时段,借鉴美国经验,设置任意性的破产程序前置咨询制度,并与纳入破产程序中的咨询程序相互衔接,二者并行不悖。为充分利用我国本土破产资源,激活"休眠"制度活力,并为我国正式的自然人破产立法的出台创造条件,自然人债务清理咨询人可以由个人管理人担任。

With the development of China’s market economy,it is urgent to establish a natural person debt liquidation consulting system,which is also an inevitable choice for natural person market subjects to effectively deal with the debt crisis and improve China’s bankruptcy legislation system. Many countries,as market economies,have applied different debt consulting codes based on local practices. The establishment of China’s natural person debt liquidation consultation system is suitable to distinguish the periods before and after the establishment of a formal natural person’ s bankruptcy system. Based on the experience of the United States,an arbitrary prebankruptcy consultation system can be set up,and it can be linked with the consultation process incorporated in the bankruptcy process. Moreover,they go hand in hand. In order to make full use of China’s domestic bankruptcy resources,the natural person debt liquidation consultant can be an individual administrator so as to create conditions for the introduction of China’s formal natural person bankruptcy legislation and activate the vitality of the "dormant"system.