新型城镇化背景下东北三省城镇化效率研究

A Study on Urbanization Efficiency of Three Provinces in Northeast China under the Background of New Urbanization

城镇化效率是衡量地区城镇化水平的最重要的指标。采用数据包络分析(DEA)和耦合度分析的方法,对东北三省2003~2015年期间的城镇化效率及其与城市发展水平的耦合关系进行分析研究。结果表明,东北三省整体上新型城镇化效率处在相对低效的状态,呈现了较大地理分异性;城镇化发展水平呈现显著提升的态势,但部分地区出现背离的情况;新型城镇化效率和城镇化发展水平呈失调走势,一方面是新型城镇化效率持续走低,另一方面是城镇化发展水平不断提升。因此,东北地区应加强城市群建设,提高城市间的经济一体化和联通水平;正确处理城市发展水平和新型城镇化发展效率的关系,追求高效、精明的城市增长模式;加大科学技术投入,提高资源使用效率和劳动生产率;加大对基础教育的投资,提高区域内国民的教育水平。

The efficiency of urbanization is the most important index to measure the level of urbanization in a region. Based on Data envelopment analysis( DEA) and coupling degree analysis,a study is conducted to analyze the urbanization efficiency and its coupling relationship with urban development levels in the three northeastern provinces from 2003 to 2015. The result indicates that the overall efficiency of new urbanization in the three provinces of Northeast China is relatively inefficient,showing a large geographical differentiation. The level of urbanization development shows a significant improvement trend,but the level in some regions deviates from it.The new urbanization efficiency and the level of urbanization development are unbalanced: one the one hand,the efficiency of new-type urbanization continues to decline;one the other hand,the level of urbanization development continues to increase. Therefore,firstly,it is necessary to strengthen the construction of urban agglomerations and improve the level of economic integration and connectivity between cities in the northeast region. Secondly,it is important to correctly deal with the relationship between the level of urban development and the efficiency of new-type urbanization development and pursue an efficient and smart urban growth model. Thirdly,it is essential to increase investment in science and technology and improve resource use efficiency and labor productivity. Finally,it is crucial to increase investment in basic education and improve the education level of citizens in the region.