早熟棉区行距与密度互作对棉花产量的影响

Effects of Row Spacing and Density on Cotton Yield in Early Maturity Cotton Area

【目的】研究不同行距及密度互作对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响,为棉花合理密植和株行距配置提供理论依据。【方法】在新疆南疆阿克苏市温宿县早熟棉区进行大田试验,采用裂区设计,主区为行距,设3个处理,分别为66 cm(A1)、76 cm(A2)、86 cm(A3);副区为密度,设3个处理,分别为12×104株/hm2(B1)、15×104株/hm2(B2)、18×104株/hm2(B3)。【结果】在相同行距条件下,提高种植密度,棉花株高及节间长度增加,茎秆变细,单株结铃数减少。在相同密度条件下,增大行距株距变小,纵向竞争大于横向竞争,行距越大棉花向行间倾斜的角度越大。不同行距的棉花产量都随着密度的增加而增加,A2B3处理籽棉产量最高。【结论】同密度下,窄行距棉花封行早,营养枝多,叶面积指数高,下部通风透光性差,蕾铃脱落多;宽行距棉花株距小,在同等栽培措施下封行时间晚,叶面积指数低。提高种植密度,单位面积的铃数增加,单铃重减少。行距及密度对籽棉产量影响显著,中行距高密度处理产量最高。

【Objective】To explore the effects of different row spacing and densities on the growth and quality of cotton in the early maturity cotton area of southern Xinjiangin the hope of providing theoretical basis for reasonable density and row spacing.【Method】A split-plot field experiment with three replicates was carried out in Wensu County,Aksu,Southern Xinjiang,with three row spacing in the main plots(66 cm,A1;76 cm,A2;86 cm,A3),and three planting densities in the subplots(120,000 plants/hm2,B1;150,000 plants/hm2,B2;and 180,000 plants/hm2,B3).【Results】As cotton planting density increased,cotton plant height and internode length increased,stem became thinner,and the number of bolls per plant decreased under the same row spacing.While under the same planting density,increasing the row spacing led to the plant spacing becoming smaller,the vertical competition was greater than the horizontal competition,and the larger the row spacing was,the greater was the inclination angle of cotton to the rows.With the increase of density,the yield of different row spacing increased.The average yield of narrow row spacing was lower than that of wide row spacing and middle row spacing.【Conclusion】Under the same density,cotton with narrow row spacing sealed early with more vegetative branches,high leaf area index,and poor ventilation and light transmittance in the bottom,which resulted in more buds and bolls shedding.As cotton plant spacing in wide rows was small,the time of sealing was late it leaded to a late sealing and lowthe leaf area index was low.With the increase of planting density,the bolls per unit area increased while the bolls decreased,and the yield of high density treatment with middle row spacing was the highest.Row spacing and density had a significant effect on seed cotton yield,but the interaction between row spacing and density was not significant.