基肥减施对不同棉花品种生长发育、干物质积累分配及产量品质的影响

Effects of Basal Fertilizer Reduction on Growth and Development,Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution,Yield and Quality of Different Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang

【目的】研究不同棉花品种对基肥施用量的需求,提高基肥利用效率。【方法】观测不同棉花品种生育期以及指标生长发育,综合对比不同棉花品种产量、品质性状,筛选出新疆阿拉尔垦区基肥减施的最佳种植品种。【结果】随着基肥施用量的减少,新陆中55号生育天数最长。在基肥全施处理下,锦棉Z1112株高最高,干物质积累量最多,但养分用于营养生长较多,用于生殖生长较少,在不施基肥处理下,新陆中55号干物质积累量最少,应增施基肥来达到高产高效。新陆中22号的产量、品质性状均较优,且基肥半施对该品种产量、品质性状无显著差异,可减施基肥增加肥料利用率。【结论】阿拉尔垦区种植新陆中22号可以获得最大经济效益。

【Objective】To find out the demand of different cotton varieties for basal fertilizer application,so as to improve the utilization efficiency of basal fertilizer and make cotton field high yield and high efficiency.【Methods】Based on the observation of cotton growth period and growth and development indexes,and the comprehensive comparison of yield and quality characters of different cotton varieties,the best planting varieties with reduced basal fertilizer application in Alar reclamation area were screened.【Results】The results showed that with the decrease of basal fertilizer application,the growth days of Xinluzhong 55 were the longest.Under the treatment of base fertilizer,the plant height of cotton Z1112 was the highest,and the dry matter accumulation was the most,but the nutrient was more consumed for nutrition growth,but less for reproduction growth.Under the treatment of no basal fertilizer,55 kinds of dry matter accumulation was the least in Xinluzhong 55,so the base fertilizer should be applied to achieve high yield and efficiency.The yield and quality characters of Xinluzhong 22 were better than that of Xinluzhong 55,and there was no significant difference between the yield and quality characters of Xinluzhong 22 when the basal fertilizer was applied half amount,which could reduce the basal fertilizer and increase the fertilizer utilization rate.【Conclusion】Under the background of Alar Reclamation Area,the most economic benefit can be obtained by planting Xinluzhong 22.