有机无机配施对棉花氮磷钾养分吸收和产量的影响

Effects of cheimcal feritilzers appilcaiton combined with manure on yield and nutrient absorption in cotton field

【目的】比较滴灌棉田有机无机配施对棉花生产力和氮肥利用效率的影响,为新疆合理利用有机养分资源、改良棉田土壤和棉花施肥结构的调整提供科学依据。【方法】试验设5个处理,(1)不施氮;(2)CF:单施化肥;(3)LMCF:低量有机肥配施化肥(鸡粪堆肥1500 kg/hm2+化肥);(4)MMCF:中量有机肥配施化肥(鸡粪堆肥3000 kg/hm2+化肥);(5)HMCF:高量有机肥配施化肥(鸡粪堆肥4500 kg/hm2+化肥)。【结果】相比单施化肥,有机肥与化肥配施处理中低量有机肥配施化肥(鸡粪堆肥1500 kg/hm2+化肥)显著增加棉花产量,增产率为9.1%,地上部干物质累积和氮磷养分吸收分别增加1.7%、2.5%和6.9%。低量有机肥配施化肥(鸡粪堆肥1500 kg/hm2+化肥)氮素表观利用率比单施化肥增加了3.2个百分点。氮肥偏生产力、肥料氮贡献和农学效率比单施化肥增加了9.1%、35.5%和56.1%。低量有机肥配施化肥(鸡粪堆肥1500 kg/hm2+化肥)的纯收益与单施化肥处理相当。【结论】选择低量有机肥配施化肥(鸡粪堆肥1500 kg/hm2+化肥)对提高棉花产量和氮肥增效的效果最佳。

【Objective】To compare the effects of chemical fertilizer application combined with manure on cotton productivity and nitrogen utilization efficiency in drip irrigation cotton field,and to provide scientific basis for rational utilization of organic nutrient resources and adjustment of cotton fertilization structure in Xinjiang.【Method】Five treatments were designed,including(1)CK:no N fertilizer;(2)CF:chemical fertilizer;(3)LMCF:Low quantity organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer(chicken manure composting 1,500 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer);(4)MMCF:middle quantity organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer(chicken manure composting 3,000 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer)(5)HMCF:High quantity organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer(chicken manure composting 4,500 kg/hm2+chemical fertilizer)【Result】Compared with chemical fertilizer,chemical fertilizer application combined with low quantity manure significantly increased the amount of cotton production,the production rate was 9.1%,the above ground dry matter accumulation,nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient uptake increased by 1.7%,2.5%and 6.9%respectively.The nitrogen recovery efficiency of chemical fertilizer application combined with low quantity manure increased by 3.2%compared with that of chemical fertilizer alone.Nitrogen partial productivity,fertilizer nitrogen contribution and agronomic efficiency increased by 9.1%,35.5%and 56.1%than fertilizer alone.For the yield of cotton,the net yield of low quantity organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer was equivalent to that of chemical fertilizer treatment.【Conclusion】Low quantity organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer has the best effect on improving cotton yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in Xinjiang.