不法利益视角下未批先建行为规制研究

On the Unapproved Pre-construction Behavior under the Perspective of Illegal Interests

追求不法利益是行为人违反行政法上义务的主要原因。环境行政执法中,建设项目未批先建能够以作为或不作为方式产生不法利益。2016年《环评法》第三十一条能够对违反环评法所产生的不法利益进行适度消解,但仍因行政执法成本高、违法成本低、法律适用范围狭窄等问题,导致制度设计无法有效达到目的。从地方立法与司法实践经验出发,优化处罚方式、善用规划环评制度将有助于消解未批先建行为中的不法利益,从而减少未批先建行为的发生。

The pursuit of illegal interests is one of the main reasons why the perpetrator violates the obligations in administrative law.The act of building a construction project without approval will generate illegal benefits with action or without action.Article 31 of the EIA Act 2016 is amended to eliminate the unlawful benefits arising from violations of the EIA Act.However,due to the existence of high administrative costs,low illegal costs and narrow scope of application,the system design cannot effectively achieve the goal.From the experience of local legislation and justicial practice,optimizing the punishment mode and utilizing the planning EIA system will help to eliminate the illegal interests in the unapproved pre-construction behavior,so as to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing the occurrence of unapproved pre-construction behavior.