牦牛舍饲密度及营养水平对其生长环境和血液生化指标的影响

Effects of yak house feeding density and nutrition level on its growth environment and blood biochemical indexes

在牦牛养殖实践中,无论暖季的放牧半舍饲饲养还是冷季的舍饲饲养,牛舍有害气体对牦牛健康和生长的影响日益受到关注。本研究选取体重相近、体况相似的健康公牦牛,设置高营养高密度组和低营养低密度组,观测不同处理氨气排放水平和牦牛采食、体重变化及血液指标。结果表明:(1)高营养高密度组日增重和采食量高于低营养低密度组。(2)高营养高密度组氨气浓度(1. 09 mg/m^3)显著(P<0. 05)高于低营养低密度组(0. 53 mg/m^3)。(3)酶活性指标中,除低营养低密度组的谷丙转氨酶含量与试验前相比降低外,其余的酶活性指标均上升。(4)蛋白指标中,低营养低密度组中球蛋白含量高于试验前的含量,总蛋白、白蛋白含量均低于试验前的含量,高营养高密度组的总蛋白升高显著(P<0. 05)。(5)能量指标中,低营养低密度组和高营养高密度组的总胆固醇含量和葡萄糖含量在试验后均有所提高,但甘油三酯的含量降低。由此可见,高营养高密度的饲养条件导致较高的牛舍氨气浓度,在主要血液生理生化指标上表现为牦牛的肝脏等功能受到一定影响。因此,今后要特别注意牛舍有害气体对牦牛健康的影响。

In the practice of yak breeding,no matter the grazing in the warm season or the semi-shed feeding in the cold season,the impact of harmful gas on the health and growth of the shed has received increasing attention.In this study,healthy male yaks of similar body weight and similar body condition were selected.The high-nutrition high-density group and the low-nutrition low-density group were set up to observe the ammonia emission levels of different treatments,the yak feeding status,weight changes,and blood indicators.The results showed that the daily weight gain and feed intake of the high-nutrition high-density group were higher than those of the low-nutrition low-density group.The ammonia concentration(1.09 mg/m^3)of the high-nutrition high-density group was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of the low-nutrition low-density group(0.53 mg/m^3).Except for the low-nutrition low-density alanine aminotransferase content in the low-nutrition low-density group compared with before the test,the rest of the enzyme activity indicators increased.In the protein index,the low-nutrition low-density group had higher globulin,the content before the test,the total protein and albumin content were lower than before the test total protein in the high-nutrition high-density group increased significantly(P<0.05).In the energy index,the low-nutrition low-density group and the high-nutrition high-density group total cholesterol content and glucose content increased after the test,but triglyceride content decreased.It can be seen that the high-nutrient high-density feeding conditions lead to higher ammonia concentration in the cowshed,and the liver and other functions are affected to some extent on the main blood physiological and biochemical indicators.Therefore,in the future,we must pay more attention to the health effects of harmful gases in cowsheds.