4~8岁儿童对不同种类沙具的选择偏好

The Selection Preference of 4~8-year-old Children for Different Kinds of Miniatures

为确定适用于4~8岁儿童的成长性沙盘游戏应配备的沙具种类,本研究通过两个实验分析了4~8岁儿童和成人对不同种类沙具的选择差异及视觉注视的偏好差异。实验一对64名儿童和成人在沙盘个案中使用的沙具种类情况进行分析,实验二将实物沙具转化为眼动实验材料,从客观生理指标分析不同年龄组被试对沙具的视觉注视偏好。综合两个实验的结果,本研究发现4~8岁儿童与成人对不同种类的沙具存在显著的选择偏好差异,儿童偏好选择各种动物、童话卡通、家居用品类沙具,成人则偏好选择人物人体、各种植物、神话传说、文化宗教、阴影残缺类沙具,但在交通运输、房屋建筑、物质形状、军事战争类沙具的选择上儿童和成人没有表现出显著的差异。在幼儿园开展沙盘游戏时不能忽视儿童的年龄特点,应选择符合学前儿童兴趣和发展需求的沙具种类,进而提高成长性沙盘游戏的运用效果。

In this study,two experiments were conducted to compare and analyze the preference differences in individual cases selection and visual fixation between children aged 4~8 years and adults for different kinds of miniatures,so as to explore the types and characteristics of miniatures suitable for children aged 4~8 years.Experiment 1 made a quantitative analysis of the types of miniatures chosen by 64 children and adults in individual cases.Experiment 2 transformed the physical miniatures into materials of eye movement experiment,and analyzed the visual fixation preference of different subjects by using objective physiological indicators.Through the comprehensive analysis of the two experiments,it was found that children aged 4~8 years and adults had significant differences in their preference for different kinds of miniatures.Children preferred to choose miniatures of animals,fairy tale and cartoons,household items.While adults preferred to choose miniatures of human figures,plants,myths and legends,something cultural and religious,shadow and incomplete items.Children and adults showed no significant differences in preferences for miniatures of transportation,building construction,material shape and military warfare.The research shows that the characteristics of children’s preferences should not be ignored when carrying out sandplay in kindergartens.And the types of miniatures suitable for preschool children’s interests and developmental needs should be selected more,so as to improve the efficiency and effect of sandplay for normal children’s development.