我国农村宅基地使用权抵押的困境及实现路径

The Dilemma and Practical Path of Mortgage of Rural Homestead Use Right in China

当前我国农村宅基地使用权抵押面临困境,一是源于现行立法禁止,二是由于权利自身束缚。受市场化改革和城镇化发展的影响,农村宅基地的经济价值凸显,此为推进宅基地使用权抵押的现实必要性;与此同时,在现代物权法制上,尤为强调“利用”的物权观念,加之宅基地使用权可成为抵押权客体,使得宅基地使用权抵押具备理论可行性。就宅基地使用权抵押实现的路径而言,在内在方面,应转变立法价值取向、调整功能定位以及赋权增能;在外在方面,应完善确权登记制度、建立宅基地价值评估机制、设立风险分担机制、健全农村社会保障体系。

At present,the mortgage of the right to use rural residential land in China is faced with difficulties.One is due to the prohibition of current legislation,and the other is due to the restriction of rights.However,affected by the market-oriented reform and urbanization development,the economic value of rural housing sites is prominent,which is the practical necessity to promote the mortgage of the right to use the homestead;at the same time,in the modern legal system of property rights,the emphasis on“utilization”.The concept of property rights,combined with the right to use the homestead,can become the object of mortgage,making the mortgage of the right to use the homestead theoretically feasible.In terms of the path to realize the mortgage of the right to use the homestead,in the internal aspect,the legislative value orientation,the adjustment function positioning and the empowerment should be changed;in the external aspect,the registration system for the confirmation of rights should be improved,the value evaluation mechanism for the homestead should be established,and risk sharing mechanism and sound rural social security system should be implemented.