国家认同建构中的差异公民权问题——威尔·金里卡自由的多元文化主义国家建构理论探析

The Issue of Differentiated Citizenship in the Construction of National Identity:An Analysis of Will Kymlica's National State Construction Theory of Liberal Multiculturalism

国家认同是国家建构的核心,是国家合法性的基础。历史上,自由主义国家往往采用同化政策进行国家认同建构,以普遍主义公民权为基础将不同族群整合于国家之中。随着多元文化的发展,这种忽视差异公民身份的强制性同化建构政策越来越为争取差异公民权的少数族群所不满。自由的多元文化主义的主要代表加拿大著名政治哲学家威尔·金里卡以差异文化成员身份为基础为差异公民权作出了理论辩护,将差异公民权与普遍主义公民权结合起来考察,为探索多元宽容的国家认同建构策略提供了重要思路。

National identity is the core of national construction and the foundation of national legitimacy.Historically,liberal countries often adopt assimilation policy to construct national identity and integrate different ethnic groups into the country on the basis of universalistic citizenship.With the development of multiculture,the policy of compulsory assimilation which ignores the difference of citizenship is becoming more and more dissatisfied with the minority groups who are striving for the differentiated citizenship.Will Kymlica,the representative of liberal multiculturalism,a famous Canadian political philosopher,makes a theoretical defense of differentiated citizenship based on the membership of different cultures,and combines the differentiated citizenship and universalistic citizenship,which provides an important idea for exploring the construction strategy of pluralistic and tolerant national identity.