曲阜鲁国故城布局新探

The Layout of the Ancient City of the Lu State in Qufu:A New Investigation

曲阜鲁国故城(下文简称鲁故城)位于山东省曲阜市旧城及其以东和以北地区(图一),是周代和汉代鲁国都城的遗址。由于周公是兴周灭商、辅佐成王和创立周代礼乐制度的元老重臣,周公的封国鲁国[1]在周代诸侯国中也就具有特殊的地位,其等级和形态最接近周王朝都城,为其他诸侯国所效法。可以说,鲁故城遗址是研究上古都城发展史及中国城市规划史的重要范例。

The ancient city of the Lu State referred to the capital city of the Lu in both the Zhou and Han dynasties.In the previous study,the axle of the capital city of the Lu in the Zhou Dynasty was supposed to be in a line with the palace(the rammed earth foundation of the Duke Zhou Temple),the Southeast Gate,and the Wuyutai altar.However,this axle line remains inconclusive due to an obvious curve.This paper reviewed the report of the previous excavation,Ancient City of the Lu State in Qufu,and focused on a new investigation of the natural high platform that was argued to be the actual remains of the palace in the centre of the city.Its scale matches the records in ancient documents about the length of the Qufu City,7 to 8 li.The location of the natural high platform was close to the water but avoided flooding due to its elevation.It was the same distance to city walls in all four directions,with the road networks symmetrically emitting from the centre.This paper redefined the axle of the ancient Lu city as the link of the natural high platform and the artificial platform,the Wuyutai altar.