太平洋岛屿托管领土的形成与美国的战略意图

The Formation of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and the American Strategic Intention

太平洋岛屿作为前日本委任统治地,之所以在二战后成为联合国战略防区托管地,主要是因为美国计划长期占有该地,用作军事基地的建造与使用。关于太平洋岛屿战后处置问题,美国为了满足亚太战略的需求,就内部两派势力的意见进行调和后,在托管统治方案中添加战略防区的概念设计,将该地作为特殊类型的托管领土,使其在托管后依然可以维持自身排他性统治。因此,所谓战略防区托管制度的落地,是美国为太平洋岛屿"量身定制"的一种产物。梳理美国在太平洋岛屿托管领土形成过程中扮演的角色,有助于深化东亚战后秩序重建及其独特性课题的研究探讨,也有利于看清美国近年来试图将战略重心再次转向亚太的历史缘由。

After World War II,the Pacific island trusteeship was designated as a strategic zone trusteeship,which was inseparable from its geopolitical value.An examination of the process by which the site was placed under international trusteeship reveals that the United States intended to occupy and build military bases there for a long time to meet its own strategic planning.To achieve this end,the United States reconciled the disagreements between the two internal forces,and deliberately added the concept of a strategic defense zone to the plan of the international trusteeship system to make the region a special type of trusteeship and achieve the military strategic requirements of exclusive domination.Therefore,the strategic defense zone trusteeship system finally released can be seen as a product tailored by the United States for the Pacific islands.Sorting out and analyzing the process of the formation of the trust territory and the role played by the United States will help explore the formation of the post-war East Asian international order and its unique issues.It is also helpful to understand why the United States has shifted its strategic focus on the Asia-Pacific region in recent years.