从政企合谋到政企合作--一个初步的动态政企关系分析框架

From Collusion to Cooperation between Government and Business--A Dynamic Framework of Government-Business Relation

政企关系是理解中国长期经济增长和经济转型的微观基础,也是转型经济中最重要的关系之一。然而,目前学术界关于政企关系类型和决定因素的研究总体上显得比较笼统,或者难以验证。为此,有必要提出一个初步的动态政企关系分析框架。从政府对企业是否干预以及如何干预两个维度,可将世界各国或地区的政企关系分为四种类型:政企合作、政企合谋、政企分治和政企伤害。由此得出了决定政企关系类型的三个主要因素:政府能力、产业规模和监督力量,三者分别代表政府、企业和第三方力量,通过在不同国家(或地区)、不同阶段的博弈决定了政企关系的性质以及动态变迁过程。在此基础上,提出了四个可检验的基本命题,并通过国内外的案例加以佐证。应用动态政企关系框架可以解释“中国奇迹”以及相关的重要现象,为我们理解真实世界的政企关系和改善政企关系提供了一套可识别和可操作的分析工具。

Government-business relation is not only the micro basis for understanding the long-term economic growth and economic transition in China,but also one of the most important relations in a transition economy.This paper proposes a preliminary dynamic framework of government-business relation.We divide government-business relation of various countries and regions into four types:governmentbusiness cooperation,government-business collusion,government-business separation and governmentbusiness sabotage,from two dimensions—whether or not the government intervenes in enterprises and the way of intervention.Then,we conclude three determinants:government capability,industry scale and supervision power,which respectively represent government,enterprises and third-party power.The game among them in different countries(or regions)and different stages determines the nature of governmentbusiness relation and the dynamic process.On this basis,this paper puts forward four verifiable basic propositions,supported by international and Chinese cases.Finally,we use the dynamic framework of government-business relation to explain the“Chinese puzzle”and related phenomena.The framework of this paper provides an identifiable and operable tool for us to understand and improve government-business relation in the real world.