何处观看:论中国古代绘画传承中的“收视点”重构

Where to Look at a Picture:The Reconstruction of the“Audiencing”in the Inheritance of Ancient Chinese Paintings

现代博物馆的陈列方式抹平了古代画作之间的时空差异,导致绘画的“历史语境”遭到破坏和误读。为了更好地传承古代艺术,我们应当从“收视点”的角度去考察画作,还原其最初被观看(或使用)的语境以及相应的观看方式。对画作“收视点”的重构有助于更深入地理解画作的功能、型制、含义和风格,亦可使现代人对创造和使用这些画作的古人多一分“了解之同情”。文字史料、图像再现和文学描述能为重构提供支持的证据,但这些证据必须被极其谨慎地使用。

The display mode of modern museums smoothes out the space-time differences of ancient Chinese paintings,which leads to the destruction and misreading of the“historical context”of the paintings.In order to better inherit traditional Chinese art,we should study the paintings from the perspective of“audiencing”and try to restore the context in which they were first viewed(or used)as well as the corresponding viewing methods.The reconstruction of the“audiencing”will help to understand the functions,forms,meanings and styles of the paintings and thus enable modern people to have more“understanding and sympathy”for the ancients who made and used these images.Written materials,pictorial representation and literary descriptions can provide supporting evidence for the reconstruction,but such evidences must be treated with extreme caution.