拉伸试验影响因素分析与研究

Analysis and Research on the Influence Factors of Tensile Test

室温拉伸试验是评价金属材料力学性能的一种最广泛的试验方法。影响拉伸试验结果准确度的因素很多,除了组织结构与内部缺陷等因素直接影响拉伸性能外,还往往与试棒的形状、尺寸、表面加工精度、夹持器具和试验环境等有关。因此,结合标准对拉伸试验的要求,重点对灰铁从试样直径、加工表面粗糙度和拉伸速率3个方面,分析金属材料拉伸试验的影响因素,以提高拉伸试验数据的准确性。

Room temperature tensile test is the most widely used test method to evaluate the mechanical properties of metallic materials.There are many factors that affect the accuracy of tensile test results.In addition to the factors such as microstructure and internal defects that directly affect the tensile properties,they are often related to the shape,size,surface processing accuracy,clamping apparatus and test environment of the test bar.Combined with the requirements of the standard for tensile test,this paper focuses on the analysis of the influencing factors of the tensile test of metallic materials from the three aspects of sample diameter,surface roughness and tensile rate of gray iron,so as to improve the accuracy of the tensile test data.