领域支配者不作为责任的认定困境与出路

Dilemma in Identification of Liability Omission by the Domain Dominator and Its Solution

领域支配理论肯定了领域支配者的作为义务。然而,在法理依据上,其不仅忽视了个体的价值,也存在理论基础不牢的问题;在具体操作上,更是存在概念模糊、不合实务等缺陷。通过对归责路径的反思,可见排他支配说具有难以克服的理论缺陷。当下,立足于导致结果的原因支配,将领域视作危险源可谓合理的路径。其中,作为危险源的领域,应具有刑法前的危险性质,且产生的危险与领域本身特点密切相关。对领域具有现实支配力的场合,领域支配者应负有监督阻止义务。

The theory of domain dominance affirms the obligation of the domain dominator to act.However,in terms of its legal basis,the theory not only ignores the value of individuals but also lacks solid theoretical support.In terms of its specific operation,the theory has such flaws of unclear concepts and being unpractical.Upon reflections of imputation path,it is clear that the theory of exclusive domination has insurmountable theoretical defects.Rooted in distributions of causes leading to results,it is rational to regard domain as the source of danger.The domain,as the source of danger,should have the nature of danger defined by the criminal law,and the danger arising out of such domains should be typically related to the domain.In such cases,the domain dominator is obliged to supervise and prevent the danger from further materialization.