语法与语义接口理论的两条进路

Two Approaches on Theory of Syntax–Semantic Interface

或许人类语言的最大秘密就隐藏在洪堡的一段论述中,可以概括为:“语言是‘有限方法的无穷应用’”。根据对有限方法的理解,语言学分野为句法主义和词汇主义。沿着这两个路线,语法与语义界面理论形成了两条进路,一条是语言传统下的以句法为中心的句法主义进路,另一条则是逻辑传统下的以词法为中心的词汇主义进路。句法主义进路和词汇主义进路在处理语法与语义不匹配时候采取的策略有差异,句法主义倾向于在语法层次进行更多地抽象,同时通过语法生成过程来解决不匹配问题,而词汇主义则倾向于通过丰富词库和语义本体来解决不匹配问题。

Perhaps the greatest secret of human language is hidden in Humboldt’s generalization,namely:“Language is the‘infinite application of finite methods”’.According to the understanding of the limited method,linguistics is divided into syntacticism and lexicalism.Along these two traditions,syntax-semantic interface theory has formed two approaches:one is the syntactic centrism of the linguistic tradition as syntactical approach,the other is the lexicalism of the logic tradition as lexical approach.There are differences in the strategies taken when the process of syntax-semantic mismatch occurs.The tendency of syntacticism is to abstract more at the syntax level,and to solve the problem of mismatch through the process of derivation.And lexicalism tends to solve the mismatch problem by enriching the lexicon and semantic ontology.