文物数字采集与展示的基本流程探讨——基于良渚博物院文物数字化的建设实践

Discussion on the Basic Process of Digitization and Representation of Cultural Relics——Based on the Digitization Work of the Cultural Relics of Liangzhu Museum

2014年起,良渚博物院开始探索实践文物数字化建设,几年来创作出多部文物数字作品,取得了明显成效。从良渚博物院的实践来看,文物数字化需要经历文物数字采集和文物数字展示两个阶段,采集是基础,展示是在采集基础上的利用。文物数字采集包括制订采集方案、文物的测量与拍摄、图片信号或视频信号的加工创建、文物三维建模4个基本流程。其中,图片信号或视频信号的加工创建到文物三维建模是文物数字采集步骤中的关键,涵盖了文物数字采集获取到图片信号或视频信号加工创建的校色、去杂(裁切)、抠像3个环节。文物数字展示是对文物数字采集成果的"故事化"创作,在经过需求分析、剧本创作、素材加工、信息集成4个流程后形成文物数字作品。文物数字采集与展示尽管属于技术层面的操作,但其流程的严谨规范与否直接影响着文物数字作品的质量,一定程度上决定着文物活态利用的成效。

In 2014,Liangzhu museum began to explore and practice digitization of cultural relics.Over the years,it has created a number of cultural relics digital pieces and achieved remarkable results.From the practice of Liangzhu museum,the digitization of cultural relics needs to go through two stages:the digitization process and the presentation of the cultural relics.The former is the foundation,while the latter is utilization built on the digitization work.The digitization of cultural relics has four basic processes,including devising the plan for the digitization,measurement and photography of the cultural relics,processing and creating picture signals or video signals,and the 3D modeling.Among them,the processing and creating of picture signals or video signals to the 3D modeling of cultural relics is the key step in the digitization process,covering color correction,impurity removal(cropping)and image cutting.The digital representation of cultural relics is the creation of"story-telling".The final cultural relics digital piece is created after the demand analysis,script drafting,material processing and information integration process.Although the digitization and representation of cultural relics are technical operations,the rigor and standardization of the process directly affects the quality of the cultural relics digital pieces,and to some extent determines the effectiveness of the active use of the cultural relics.