矸石山及其周边村庄土壤浸出液对大麦的毒性作用

Toxicity of Soil Leachate from Coal Gangue and Its Surrounding Village of Barley(Hordeum vulgare)

煤矸石是煤炭开采过程中产生的一种有害固体废弃物,长期堆积会对周边环境造成严重的危害.为探究矸石山的生态风险,本研究通过水培实验方法考察了煤矸石及其下游村庄土壤浸出液在不同稀释浓度(1∶27、1∶9、1∶3和1∶1)下对大麦生长发育的影响及遗传损伤效应.结果表明,低浓度煤矸石浸出液对大麦幼苗根和芽的生长有轻微促进作用,而高浓度煤矸石和村庄土壤浸出液则显著抑制其萌发和生长.随着煤矸石浸出液浓度的升高,大麦叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,叶绿素(Chl)呈现先升高后降低的趋势,而村庄土壤浸出液则表现出较低的毒性效应.此外,高浓度的煤矸石和村庄土壤浸出液导致大麦根尖细胞有丝分裂指数的降低和微核发生率的增加,提示其可能涉及遗传毒性.本研究结果为煤矸石堆放区及其周边土壤的生态风险评估提供了实验依据.

Coal gangue is a harmful solid waste product of coal mining.When it accumulates for a long time,it becomes harmful to the surroundings.To investigate the adverse effect of coal gangue on the surrounding environment,this study investigated the effects of coal gangue and its downstream village on the growth toxicity and genotoxicity of barley at different dilution concentrations(1∶27,1∶9,1∶3,and 1∶1)via hydroponic experiments.As a result,low concentration coal gangue showed a slight promotion effect on the growth of roots and shoots of barley,while coal gangue and village soil,which have a high concentration,could seriously inhibit their germination and growth.At the same time,with the increase of the concentration of coal gangue,malondialdehyde(MDA)in barley leaves increased,and chlorophyll(Chl)increased first and then decreased,while the village soil showed a lower toxic effect.In addition,our results showed that higher concentrations of coal gangue and village soil could decrease the mitotic index and increase the micronucleus rate in root tip cells,indicating that the toxicity mechanism of coal gangue to barley may be involved in genotoxicity.These results provide experimental evidence for the ecological risk assessment of the coal gangue and its surrounding environment.