中国与OECD在非援助国别分配的空间关系研究

Spatial relationship of country allocation of aid to Africa between China and OECD

中国在非援助规模持续扩大,在打破原有援助格局的同时,其援助行为日益受到国际社会的关注,但现有研究较少关注中国和经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,OECD)之间的空间关系。论文利用2000-2012年中国对非援助(Aid)与OECD对非援助(ODA)在非洲44个国家的数据,对比分析了二者的时间推移及国别分配特征,构建Aid和ODA静态面板模型,定量识别了二者的空间趋同关系。主要结论如下:①援助金额大幅增加,时序相关性明显,受援国规模位序升降趋同,时间推移上呈同步性;②地理匹配度高,重点援助国高度雷同,空间分布上呈同质性;③Aid与ODA间存在稳健、显著的正向关系,响应方式具有一致性,但Aid对ODA响应程度更为敏感、强烈;④人均GDP和营养不良发生率是影响援助的2个强有力的因素,影响机制具有相似性。

China’s aid to Africa(Aid)has received increasing attention from the international community as this aid is breaking the original aid pattern in this continent,but existing literatures paid little attention to the spatial relationship of aid to Africa between China and the OECD(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development).Based on the data of Aid from China and ODA(Official Development Assistance)from OECD to 44 countries in Africa from 2001 to 2012,this study analyzed the geographical distribution features and the spatial evolution of the Aid and the ODA,and identified quantitatively their spatial convergence relationship by constructing a static panel regression model.The results show that:1)The temporal change was synchronistic with significant increase in the amount of aid,and timing correlation was obvious as the changes of rank-size distribution of African countries tended to converge.2)There exited homogeneity in spatial distribution,the degree of spatial match was high,and the main recipient countries were similar.3)In addition to the consistency of response mode,there was a steady and significant positive relationship between the Aid and the ODA,and the degree of response to the ODA from the Aid was more sensitive and marked.4)The influencing factors were similar,especially manifested in terms of GDP per capita and the incidence of malnutrition.