典型模拟火星土壤研究进展

Research Progress of Typical Martian Soil Simulants

火星土壤(简称火壤)是广泛分布在火星表面的细粒风化物质,其物理力学性质是火星着陆及巡视探测需要考虑的重要因素之一。回顾了火壤的探测历史,根据研制需求的不同,对国内外不同类型模拟火壤的物质组成、物理性质、力学特征等进行了对比分析。在此基础上,认为在模拟火壤研制方面面临以下困难和问题:缺少可供参考的火壤深层剖面数据;模拟火壤种类不全面;模拟火壤制备技术有待进一步改善。因此,未来模拟火壤的研制工作需要在以下几方面加强:①利用地表风化玄武岩剖面,进行模拟火壤剖面类比研究;②开展(含盐)冻土型、极端工况型等多种类型模拟火壤研制工作;③积极探索模拟火壤研制新方法。

Martian soil is a kind of fine-grained weathered material that is widely distributed on the Martian surface.The physical and mechanical properties of Martian soil are crucial factors influencing the Martian landing and rover exploration.In this paper,the exploration history of Martian soil was reviewed,and the physical,mechanical and chemical properties of typical Martian soil simulants were analyzed.Based on these analyses,the predicaments and issues related to Martian soil simulants were summarized:the detailed vertical profile structure of Martian soil was absent;the coverage of Martian soil simulants types was incomplete;the techniques for producing Martian soil simulants need to be further improved.Therefore,it was proposed that future researches may focus on the following aspects:strengthen the section analogue study of Martian soil with terrestrial weathered basalts;enrich the diversity of Martian soil simulants,especially the(saline)frozen soil and extreme condition soil;develop new techniques for Martian soil simulants.