脑内细胞色素P450酶的功能及其在神经精神疾病中的研究进展

Advances in the Function of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Brain and Their Research Progress in Neuropsychiatric Disease

细胞色素P450酶在生物体内参与多种化合物的生物转化。除肝脏外,细胞色素P450酶也在脑内分布,参与脑内多种内源性物质的合成及代谢,对维持神经系统内环境的稳态具有重要的作用。此外,脑内细胞色素P450酶广泛参与曲马多等中枢药物的脑内代谢,其活性或表达的变化可能会影响药物在脑内的药效和不良反应。鉴于细胞色素P450酶在脑内内源和外源性物质生物转化中的重要作用,其活性及表达的变化在神经精神疾病中的重要性也逐渐被发现。因此,笔者查阅了近年来关于脑内细胞色素P450酶的功能及其在神经精神疾病中的研究进展,以期为深入探索脑内细胞色素P450酶是否可能作为中枢疾病的治疗靶点,及开发相关的靶向治疗药物提供理论基础。

Cytochrome P450 enzymes participate in the biotransformation of various organic compounds in living organisms.Cytochrome P450 enzymes are present and active in various brain regions,which mediate the synthesis and metabolism of various endogenous substances in the brain,so the enzymes play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the central nervous system.And cytochrome P450 enzymes in brain are widely involved in metabolism of central drugs such as tramadol,so the changes of their activities or expressions may affect the drug's efficacy in brain.In addition,in view of the important roles of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous substances in brain,the importance of their genetic polymorphism or activity changes in neuropsychiatric diseases is being gradually described.Therefore,in order to provide theoretical basis for the development of related targeted therapeutic drugs and explore whether cytochrome P450 enzymes in the brain can be used as therapeutic targets for central diseases,the development in the function of cytochrome P450 enzymes in brain and their recent advances in neuropsychiatric diseases by reviewing the relevant research in recent years are summarized.