六朝江州诗考论

On Jiangzhou Poetry in the Six Dynasties

江州地区是六朝重要文化区之一,诗歌创作亦随之兴盛。江州文化分为由豫章、寻阳、鄱阳、临川、庐陵、安成、南康等郡组成的赣文化区和以晋安、建安等郡构成的闽文化区。寻阳郡是江州诗歌最多的地区。陶渊明是创作诗歌最多者,是六朝时期少有的长期居于故乡并在此大量作诗者。这也是江州诗的特色之一,并与之交游者形成寻阳隐逸诗风。由于寻阳的地理位置,此后代有诗人经过此地并作诗,在江州山水和固有诗风歌的影响下,形成哲思濬发、清新晓畅的风格,对于南朝诗风走向清新自然有一定的推进作用。闽文化区中晋安诗歌最多,主要是江淹为吴兴县令时所作,颇受闽地独特的风光、物产影响,多有楚骚之风。对江州诗歌的考析,亦为六朝诗史、文学地理等研究提供相关的基础。

Jiangzhou district was one of the most important cultural regions in the Six Dynasties, and poetry creation was prosperous there. Jiangzhou cultural district was composed of the cultural district of Gan("赣") which contained such prefectures as Yuzhang, Xunyang, Poyang, Linchuan, Luling, Ancheng and Nankang, and of the cultural district of Min("闽") which comprised Jin’an, Jian’an and so on. Xunyang was an area where appeared most of Jiangzhou poetry. Tao Yuanming was a poet with most of poetry creation in this district, and one of the few poets who stayed in their hometown all along producing numerous poems. This became one of Jiangzhou poetry characteristics and led to the formation of Xunyang reclusive poetry. Because of Xunyang’s geographical position, the poets of later generations created some poems when passing by. Under the influence of Jiangzhou landscape and the traditional poetry style, there came into being a kind of philosophical, refreshing and smooth style, which motivated the formation of the fresh and natural poetic style in the Southern Dynasties. As for Min cultural district, poetry creation in Jin’an was most flourishing. Most of these poems were composed by Jiang Yan, the magistrate of Wuxing,influenced by the specific scenery and products, and bestowed with a Lisao style("骚体").