城镇老年人的养老服务需求与主观福祉研究

Demands of Care Service from Elderly People in Urban Areas and Subjective

目前,我国养老服务体系中最显著的问题之一在于服务供给不能有效地满足老年人不断增长的服务需求.通过实证研究,本文描述了城镇老年人对各项养老服务的需求和供需缺口现状,分析了各类养老服务需求度及需求满足度的影响因素,并进一步探究了养老服务需求满足度对老年人主观福祉的影响.结果显示:城市老年人对养老服务有广泛需求,但养老服务的供给普遍不足,而且需求率相对较低的服务尚未受到足够重视.年龄较长、健康较差的老年人更需要生活照料和医疗保健类服务,而年龄较轻、健康较好的老年人则希望获得更多居住环境类的服务;收入越高,对养老服务的需求越大,养老服务的需求满足度也越高.满足养老服务的需求可以显著增进老年人的主观福祉,包括社区满意度、主观幸福感和生活满意度.基于上述结果,本文对养老服务发展提出了若干建议.

At present,one of the most prominent problem in care service for eldly people in China is that the service provision can not meet the increasing demands from the eldly people.Based on empirical research,the study examines the current situation of urban elderly people’s needs of specific care services and the gap between the demand and supply of care services;and various factors affecting the demands of care service and whether the demands are met are analyzed,Furthermore,the influence of the demands of care services that can be met on the subjective wellbeing of eldly people is explored further,the regression model identifies which factors determine elderly’s needs and supply-demand gap.The results reveal that urban elderly people are in demand of various kinds of care programs,however,the shortage of service provision is univerrsal.The elders in relatively poor health condition tend to desire more daily care and health services.The younger elderly and those in good health condition prefer to residential facilities and community services.For those eldly people with higher income,they have more demands on care service.It also shows that,elderly people’s subjective wellbeing could be significantly improved when their needs are met.Policy recommendations on improvement of care service are put forward.