耕作播种方式对稻茬小麦生长和养分吸收利用的影响

Effects of tillage and sowing practices on plant growth, soil nutrient uptake and utilization of wheat after rice

2016-2018年,在四川省广汉市分析了深旋耕播种(DRT)、浅旋耕播种(SRT)和免耕带旋播种(NT)3种耕播方式对稻茬小麦生长和养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明:与DRT相比,SRT和NT处理提高了小麦分蘖、成穗能力。2016-2017年,处理间产量无显著差异;2017-2018年,NT处理产量显著高于DRT,增幅10.9%。处理间干物质积累的差异主要在苗期。NT处理下植株对氮的吸收量高于DRT,平均增幅9.9%,而氮收获指数DRT高于NT;各处理植株磷吸收量差异不显著;NT处理对钾的吸收量显著高于DRT。与传统的深旋耕播种方式相比,免耕带旋播种技术是提高稻茬小麦产量和养分吸收的有效途径。

From 2016 to 2018, a field trial on three tillage and sowing practices, deep rotary tillage before sowing(DRT), shallow rotary tillage with simultaneous sowing(SRT), and strip tillage under no tillage conditions along with sowing(NT), was conducted to evaluate shoot growth, soil nutrient uptake, and utilization of wheat(Triticum aestivum) after rice(Oryza sativa) in Guanghan, Sichuan Province, China. Compared with DRT, both SRT and NT improved tillering capacity and fertile shoot rate. In 2016-2017, grain yield did not differ among the treatments, whereas in 2017-2018, NT had significantly higher grain yield(10.9%) than DRT. Furthermore, the diffe-rence in dry matter accumulation among the treatments mainly occurred prior to wheat jointing. Total nitrogen uptake of plants was higher by 9.9% in NT than in DRT, whereas nitrogen harvest index was higher in DRT than in NT. Total phosphorus uptake was not different among the treatments. Total potassium uptake was higher in NT plants than in DRT plants. Overall, the results showed that compared with the traditional tillage practice(i.e., DRT), strip tillage practice along with sowing(i.e., NT) is an effective method for increasing grain yield and soil nutrient uptake for wheat after rice.