制造业员工质量素养测度量表开发研究

Study on the Development of A Quality Literacy Measurement Scale for Manufacturing Enterprises'Employees

全球制造业竞争日益激烈的趋势下,员工质量素养对于践行企业全面质量管理进而提升竞争力以促进我国制造业高质量发展至关重要。通过梳理相关文献,根据以往学者采用的量表开发程序,采用小组讨论法、深度焦点访问法和开放性问卷调查编制质量素养初始题项并形成初始问卷。先后进行两次问卷调查,分别采用探索性因素分析(EFA)和结构方程模型(SEM)对量表进行修改和验证。验证结果表明,质量能力与行为、质量意识与态度、质量工具与方法的掌握、质量考核重要性认可的4维度质量素养模型与实际样本数据匹配较佳;量表的信度和结构效度均高于一般标准。研究结果对于当前我国制造业企业夯实质量管理基础、提升质量竞争力进而推进制造业高质量发展具有现实应用价值。

With the increasingly fierce competition in the global manufacturing industry,the quali⁃ty literacy of employees is essential for practicing comprehensive quality management of enter⁃prises to enhance competitiveness and promote high-quality development of China's manufactur⁃ing industry.By summarizing relevant literature,according to the scale development procedures adopted by previous scholars,group discussion method,deep focus interview method,and open questionnaires were used to compile initial questions of quality literacy and form initial question⁃naires.Two questionnaire surveys were conducted,and exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and structural equation model(SEM)were used to modify and verify the scale.The verification results showed that the 4-dimensional quality literacy model,including quality ability and behavior,quality awareness and attitude,mastery of quality tools and methods,and importance recognition⁃of quality assessment,matched the actual sample data better;and the reliability and structural validity of the scale were both higher than the general standard.The research results have practi⁃cal application value for the current China's manufacturing enterprises to consolidate the basis of quality management,enhance quality competitiveness,and further promote high-quality de⁃velopment ofmanufacturing industry.