储藏玉米中玉米象发生与粮温变化关系研究

Study on the Relationship between Sitophilus zeamais Occurrence and Grain Temperature Changes in Stored Corn

以主要储粮害虫玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)为研究对象,通过在模拟粮仓粮堆中心放置虫笼(作为害虫发生部位,虫笼内玉米感染害虫虫口密度为10头/kg粮食)研究玉米象发生对储藏玉米(Zea mays)粮温变化的影响规律.研究结果表明:储藏玉米中玉米象发生会引起粮温升高,玉米象发生部位粮温升高最快,距离害虫发生部位越近粮温升高越显著.在安全储藏水分条件下,当玉米象发生部位初始虫口密度为10头/kg时,模拟粮仓整体粮温前30 d略有上升,但粮温变化幅度不明显,30 d后玉米象发生部位(即虫笼内部)的储粮温度随着处理时间的延长显著升高,由实验开始第1 d的21.0℃到第59 d时达到最高温度31.0℃.上层粮温与四周仓壁附近粮温受环境影响较大.本研究结果为通过监测储粮温度变化预测虫害发生提供了科学信息.

An insect cage,as a pest insect occurrence site,which held 27.4 kg corn infested by 10 adults of important stored gain insect Sitophilus zeamais per kilogram corn,was located at the center of a simulated storage bin.The influence of S.zeamaisoccurrence on the temperature change of stored corn was investigated.The results showed that the occurrence of S.zeamais caused the corn temperature to rise,and the rise of the grain temperature is the fastest at the pest insect occurrence site.The closer to the site of S.zeamais occurrence,the higher the grain temperature rised.Under the safe storage of moisture,when the initial infestation density was 10 S.zeamais adults per kg of stored corn,the overall grain temperature in the simulated grain bin increased slightly in the first 30 days,and the change in grain temperature was not obvious,but the temperatures of the S.zeamais occurrence site(inside the insect cage)significantly increased with the extension of treatment time,reaching a maximum of 31.0℃on the 59 th d from 21.0℃on the first day of the experiment.The temperatures of upper grain and the surrounding grain were greatly affected by the ambient temperatures.The research results provided scientific information for predicting the occurrence of pest insects by monitoring the temperature changes of stored grain.