蜀葵的植物学特点·应用价值与栽培技术

Botanical Characteristics,Application Value and Cultivation Techniques of Hollyhock

蜀葵最早在我国先秦时期已经有栽培记载,用于绿化、观赏和食用。蜀葵植株高大、枝繁叶茂,花朵向阳、花期长、花瓣大且花型和花色多,绿化和观赏价值高。蜀葵须根发达,喜光而略耐阴,喜水分充足、耐涝而又耐旱、耐盐碱。在当代,蜀葵栽培应用广泛,庭院、园林、公园和湿地等处栽培具有绿化、美化和观赏价值;盐碱地种植改良土壤,沙漠地区种植防风固沙,路边、堤坝、山岭种植分别具有固基、固堤、护坡作用。蜀葵适应性强,栽培和管理成本低。根据蜀葵生长气象和土壤条件,适当疏剪和施肥,提高绿化和观赏效果。随着生态建设和栽培技术、公共气象服务智慧化,蜀葵栽培面积和在绿化美化、防风固沙、改良土壤、药用、食用等方面应用将不断增加。论述了蜀葵植物学特点、应用价值和栽培管理技术。

The first time in the Pre-Qin period in China,the hollyhock has been recorded for greening,ornamental and edible.The hollyhock plants are tall,leafy,with long flowers,long flowering,large petals,many flower patterns and colors,and high greening and ornamental value.The hollyhock roots are well developed,and the growth is light and slightly resistant to shade.It is suitable for water,stagnation,drought tolerance and salt and alkali resistance.In contemporary times,hollyhocks are widely used in cultivation,courtyards,gardens,parks and wetlands,etc.,with greening,beautification and ornamental value;saline-alkali land for improved soil,desert areas for windbreak and sand fixation,roadside,dam and mountain planting have solid and solid Dike,slope protection.The hollyhock is highly adaptable,and the cultivation and management cost is low.Appropriate application of chemical fertilizer or soil fertilizer can grow well,and a little sparse can improve the greening and ornamental effect.With the development of ecological construction and green development,the demand for application of hollyhock planting in greening and beautification,wind and sand fixation,soil improvement,medicinal and edible is increasing.Botanical characteristic,application value and cultivation technique of hollyhock were introduced.