施氮量对玉米杂交种邯丰79产量和主要农艺性状的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Main Agronomic Characters of Hanfeng 79

以产量为导向,通过施氮量的调整,探寻玉米杂交种邯丰79产量与农艺性状的响应,实现氮肥的高效利用,指导农业生产。于2018年在邯郸市邱县梁二庄镇高产试验田,在密度为63000株/hm^2的种植条件下,分别设置施氮量为0(CK)、N1(140.10 kg/hm^2)、N2(182.13 kg/hm^2)、N3(224.16 kg/hm^2)和N4(266.19 kg/hm 2)共5个处理,3次重复,每个处理以基施和大喇叭口期追施氮肥的比例各占50%。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、千粒重以及产量均逐渐增加,而果穗秃尖长度则逐渐缩短;当施氮量≤224.16 kg/hm^2时,不同处理的株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、秃尖长度以及产量间差异均达显著水平;当施氮量>224.16 kg/hm^2时,增加氮肥的用量,则株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重与产量的变化不明显,且施氮量为224.16 kg/hm^2与266.19 kg/hm^2的各项指标间均差异不显著。进一步对不同处理的氮肥偏生产力与增产率比较分析发现,N3处理与N4处理的增产率间差异不显著,但N3处理的氮肥偏生产力显著高于N4处理。因而,在该试验条件下,N3处理(即施氮量为224.16 kg/hm^2)的效果最佳,实现了氮肥的低投入与产量的最大化。

Guided by the yield,the response of yield and agronomic characters of Hanfeng 79,a maize hybrid,was explored through the adjustment of nitrogen application,so as to realize the efficient utilization of nitrogen and guide agricultural production.In 2018,the experiment was conducted in the high-yield experimental field of Liangerzhuang Town,Qiuxian County,Handan City.Under the planting condition of 63000 plant/hm^2 density,five treatments were set respectively,i.e.0(CK),N1(140.10 kg/hm^2),N2(182.13 kg/hm^2),N3(224.16 kg/hm^2)and N4(266.19 kg/hm^2).Each treatment was repeated for three times,and the proportion of nitrogen topdressing at the base application and big bell mouth stage accounted for 50%respectively.The results showed that the plant height,ear height,ear length,ear diameter,ear grain number,1000-grain weight and yield increased gradually with the increase of nitrogen application,while the length of ear bald point decreased gradually;when nitrogen application≤224.16 kg/hm^2,the differences among plant height,ear height,ear length,ear grain number,1000-grain weight,bald point length and yield of different treatments were all significant;when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was more than 224.16 kg/hm^2,the changes of plant height,ear height,ear length,number of grains per ear,1000-grain weight and yield were not obvious,and the differences between the indexes of 224.16 kg/hm^2 and 266.19 kg/hm^2 treatments were not significant.The results showed that there was no significant differences between N3 treatment and N4 treatment,but N3 treatment was significantly higher than N4 treatment.Therefore,under the experimental conditions,the effect of N3 treatment was the best(i.e.the amount of nitrogen application was 224.16 kg/hm^2),which realized the low input of nitrogen and the maximum output.