燃料电池用柴油重整制氢技术现状与展望

Research progress and perspective of diesel reforming to hydrogen production for fuel cell applications

现有储氢技术在储氢密度、能耗及相应的基础设施建设等方面存在明显短板,难以满足燃料电池技术商业化发展需求,现场制氢技术得到了广泛关注。其中,柴油重整制氢技术以其理论产氢比率高、适用领域广、基础设施完善、安全性好、成本低等优点,可广泛应用于汽车、船舶、分布式发电等民用领域以及潜艇、舰船等军事领域,成为热点研究之一。本文综述了柴油重整制氢的分类,详细介绍了蒸汽重整、部分氧化重整和自热重整制氢的反应机理,并对三种重整反应的优缺点进行了对比分析;在此基础上,概述了三种重整反应国内外研究现状。总体而言,蒸汽重整产物中氢气浓度最高但系统质量较大,比较适用于固定制氢领域;自热重整技术系统结构较为紧凑,产物氢气浓度适中,比较适用于汽车等移动制氢领域;部分氧化重整技术由于产物H2/CO比率较低,加之反应温度较高,容易发生结焦反应,目前其应用领域还相对有限。

Due to the obvious defects in hydrogen storage density,energy consumption and the relative infrastructure construction,the existing hydrogen storage technology is difficult to meet the commercial needs of fuel cell technology.The on site hydrogen production technology has attracted the abroad attentions,with the advantages of high hydrogen production rate,wide application field,perfect infrastructure,good safety and low cost,the hydrogen production technology of diesel reforming can be widely applied in automobile,ship,distributed power generation and other civil fields as well as submarine,warship and other military fields,thus has become one of hot-spots worth studying.In this paper,the diesel reforming for hydrogen production technologies are introduced and classified,the reaction mechanisms of steam reforming,partial oxidation and autothermal reforming are specified,and a comparative analysis of the positive and negative aspects of the three diesel reforming technology are carried out.On this basis,the research progress of the three diesel reforming technology are summarized.Overall,the steam reforming technology has the highest hydrogen concentration and higher system weight,which is more suitable for fixed hydrogen production.Due to the compact structure and the moderate hydrogen concentration of the product,the autothermal reforming technology is considered more suitable for automobile and other mobile hydrogen production field.By comparison,because of lower H2/CO ratio of the product,higher reaction temperature which prone to coking reaction,the applications of partial oxidation technology are relatively limited.