菜用大豆资源收集与粒型性状的多样性研究

Collection of Vegetable Soybean Resources and Study on Their Diversity of Grain Type Characters

菜用大豆是我国重要的豆类蔬菜,其种子粒型性状是体现种子大小与饱满程度的一项综合指标,同时也是影响大豆商品属性和播种质量的关键因素。收集了湖北、河南等地区78个具有地方特色的菜用大豆品种,通过田间和室内试验,观测了该群体各品种的种子百粒重、种子长、种子宽以及种皮颜色等粒型性状,并进行统计学分析。结果表明:78个品种群体的百粒重最大为37.10 g,最小为4.95 g,均值为19.46 g;种子粒长分布在0.67~1.22 cm之间,均值为0.87 cm;粒宽最大为0.9 cm,最小为0.47 cm,平均宽度是0.70 cm;长宽比位于1.05~1.50之间,均值为1.2;就该品种群体种皮颜色而言,黄色接近半数,其余颜色较少。最后以百粒重为依据,筛选得到6份极大粒的种质和1份极小粒的种质,为进一步开展菜用大豆遗传改良提供遗传材料。

Vegetable soybean is an important bean vegetable in China.Its grain type trait is a comprehensive indicator of seed size and fullness,and it is also a key factor affecting soybean commodity properties and sowing quality.In this study,78 vegetable soybean varieties with local characteristics were collected from Hubei,Henan and other regions.Through field and indoor experiments,the grain traits such as 100-grain weight,seed length,seed width and seed coat color of this group were observed.The statistical analysis was carried out.The results showed that the 100-grain weight of the 78 populations was highest up to 37.10 g,the minimum was 4.95 g,and the average was 19.46 g.The seed length was 0.67 to 1.22 cm,with a mean of 0.87 cm.The maximum grain width was 0.9 cm,the minimum was 0.47 cm,the average width was 0.70 cm.The aspect ratio was between 1.05~1.50,and the average value was 1.2.In terms of the color of the seed coat of the varieties,the yellow was close to half,and the rest were less.Finally,based on the 100-grain weight,six oversized grain germplasms and one small-grain germplasm were screened to provide genetic material for further genetic improvement of vegetable soybean.