自然保护地矿业权退出与补偿问题及对策研究

Research on the Withdrawal and Compensation of Mining Rights in Nature Reserves and the Countermeasures

自然保护地内的矿业权退出是一项政策性非常强的工作,涉及的经济关系和法律关系比较复杂。由于现行法规对"行政补偿"没有统一规定,在实施过程中尚缺乏具有可操作性的制度支撑,影响到矿业权退出工作的顺利实施。近几年部署开展自然保护地内矿业权清理工作后,各地在实践中积极探索,形成了一批制度性成果。文章基于对地方出台相关政策的分析,对矿业权退出涉及的补偿问题进行了理论探讨,梳理需要注意的问题,并提出分类补偿的工作思路:(1)坚持"共性问题统一尺度、个性问题一矿一策",确定分类补偿原则;(2)依据矿产资源勘查开发权益分配比例,划定中央与地方补偿出资比例;(3)统筹用好中央各项优惠政策,减少地方财政资金压力;(4)因地制宜综合施策,探索符合各地实际的矿业权退出补偿方式;(5)兼顾生态安全与资源安全,统筹矿业权退出与国家矿产地储备体系建设。

The withdrawal of mining rights in nature reserves is the work with very strong policy,and involves economic relations and legal relations relatively complex.Because there are no uniform provisions on"the administrative compensation"in the current laws and regulations,and the lack of operational system supporting for the implementation process,it affects the smooth implementation of the withdrawal of mining rights.Through the deployment of mining rights clearance in nature reserves in recent years,various localities have explored actively in practice and formed a number of institutional achievements.Based on the analysis of relevant policies issued by the local governments,the paper discusses the compensation problems related to the withdrawal of mining rights in theory,reviews the problems that need to be focused on,and then puts forward the following working ideas of compensation classifications:(1)adhering to the principle of"unifying solutions for the common problems and making corresponding policy for individual problems of different mines"to determine the principle of compensation classification;(2)determining the proportion of compensation contribution between central government and local governments according to the distribution of rights and interests in the exploration and development of mineral resources;(3)making overall utilization of various preferential policies of central government to reduce the pressure of local financial fund;(4)taking comprehensive policies according to local conditions,and exploring the methods of withdrawal compensation of mining rights suitable for the actual situation of local conditions;(5)considering both ecological security and resources security,and coordinating the withdrawal of mining rights and the construction of national mineral land reserve system.