面向国土空间规划的用海分类探索

Exploration on the Classification of Sea Use for Territorial Spatial Planning

国土空间分类是国土空间规划编制和国土空间用途管制的基础。在统一的规划体系下,用海分类既有其独立性与特殊性,也面临着陆海统筹、生态文明建设、海洋高质量发展等提出的新要求。文章在系统梳理用海分类体系演变历程、对比现行用海与用地分类体系的基础上,指出现行用海分类存在分类标准不统一、分类弹性不足、未覆盖全域、混合用海与立体用海考虑不足等问题。从国土空间规划的内在要求出发,提出国土空间规划中的海域分类体系以现行海域使用类型为分类框架,统一以海域用途作为分类标准,采用半开放式三级分类体系,增加非排他性用海和未利用海域的用海分类,共分为9个一级类、31个二级类和19个三级类,并在此基础上设置常用海域用途混合使用指引。

Territorial space classification is the basis of the compilation of territorial space planning and the use control of territorial space.Under the unified planning system,the classification of sea use not only has its independence and particularity,but also faces the new requirements of land and sea integration,ecological civilization construction and high-quality development of the ocean.Based on a systematic review of the evolution of the sea use classification system and a comparison of the current sea use and land use classification system,the paper points out that there are some problems in the sea use classification,such as the disunity of classification standards,the lack of classification flexibility,the incomplete coverage of the whole area,and the insufficient consideration of mixed sea use and three-dimensional sea use.The paper starts from the internal requirements of territorial space planning,and points out the sea area classification system in territorial space planning.The system takes the current sea area use type as the classification framework,uniformly takes the sea area use as the classification standard,applies the semi-open three-level classification system,and adds the sea use classification of non-exclusive sea area and unused sea area.There is totally divided into nine first level categories,31 second level categories and 19 third level categories.On this basis,the mixed use guidelines of sea area are set up.