学前儿童基于重量和声音进行因果推理的发展研究

The Development Research on Preschool Children Using Weight and Sound in Causal Reasoning Tasks

儿童的推理能力历来都是考察儿童认知发展的重点。本研究探讨了在多种属性刺激下3~5岁儿童基于重量和声音进行因果推理的表现。结果发现:4岁和5岁儿童选择正确目标物的准确率显著高于3岁儿童;和同时使用声音与重量判断目标物相比,儿童在单独使用重量或声音的情况下更容易区分目标物。总之,儿童因果推理能力发展的关键期在4岁并且当任务难度较高的情况下其因果机制极易受到干扰。

Children’s reasoning ability has always been the focus of children’s cognitive development.This study explored the performance of children aged 3-5 in causal-reasoning by using weight and sound when stimulated by a variety ofproperties.The results showed that the accuracy of choosing the correct target of children aged 4 and 5 wassignificantly higher than that of children aged 3.Compared with using both sound and weight to judge objects,children were more likely to distinguish target objects when using weight or sound alone.In con⁃clusion,the critical period of children’s causal reasoning development is 4 years old and the causal mechanism can be quite easily interfered when the task is difficult.