水貂毛色性状遗传机理解析及优良品种培育研究进展

Research Progress on Genetic Mechanisms of Coat Color Trait and Cultivation of Improved Varieties in Mink(Neovison vison)

被毛颜色作为一个直观且易被识别的重要经济性状,在水貂优良品种培育过程中备受关注。不同毛色皮张的品质和价格也存在一定的差异,因此,探明水貂毛色遗传机理已成为育种者不可避免的问题。作者从遗传学角度对水貂的毛色进行分类,对决定其毛色性状的黑素亲和素(MLPH)、溶酶体转运调节基因(LYST)、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1(TYRP1)、小眼畸形相关转录因子(MITF)、酪氨酸酶(TYR)、刺鼠信号蛋白(ASIP)、内皮素受体(EDNRB)基因与配对盒基因3(Pax3)转录因子的DNA序列变异与毛色表型之间的关系进行了综述,并概述了中国在培育水貂优良品种方面取得的重要成果,以期为今后系统性研究水貂毛色形成机理、制定育种目标与方案及新色型品种的选育提供借鉴和参考。

Coat color is an important intuitive and easily recognized economic trait,and also attracts much attention in the new breed development of mink.There are some differences in the quality and price of fur with different coat colors.Thus,it is inevitable to investigate the genetic mechanisms of mink coat color for breeders.In this review,we classify mink coat colors from the perspective of genetics,and the relationship between the coat color traits and DNA sequence polymorphisms of major candidate genes MLPH,LYST,TYRP1,MITF,TYR,ASIP,EDNRB and Pax3 in mink were summarized.At the same time,the important achievements of improved breed development of mink in China were overviewed,which would provide references for further systematic study on mink coat color patterns,designing breeding goals and program,and cultivating new coat color varieties.