植物新品种名称保护的再思考

Rethinking on protection of denomination of new varieties of plants

植物新品种名称是育种者对其研发的植物新品种的一种命名。品种名称是品种权取得的条件而非内容,是法益而非权利,不同于《中华人民共和国商标法》上的通用名称。品种名称的取得应当满足可识别性、合法性,以及不得与在先权利相冲突的实体条件,并通过注册登记程序获得。品种名称在取得后即成为该植物新品种的通用名称,对于违法和不当利用植物新品种名称的行为可根据侵害的客体不同而适用不同的保护方式。侵害品种名称民事法益的,通过《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》保护;侵犯国家对品种名称使用的监督管理权的,通过行政处罚予以保护;假冒品种名称严重破坏社会市场经济秩序的,通过刑事制裁予以保护。

The denomination is names for the new varieties of plants developed by breeders.The denomination is conditions,other than the contents for the acquisition of the plant variety rights.The denomination is not right but legal interest,which is different from the generic names in the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China.The acquisition of denomination shall meet some virtual conditions,such as identifiability,legality,and the names should not conflict with the right of priority.Also,the denomination shall be obtained through the registration process.The denomination will become the generic designation of the new varieties of plants as soon as they were obtained.Different ways of protection can be applied to the illegal and improper use of the denomination according to the object of infringement.If the civil legal interests of the denomination is infringed,it shall be protected by the Law of the People's Republic of China for Countering Unfair Competition.If the state's right of supervision and administration over the denomination is infringed,it shall be protected by administrative penalty.And if the order of the social market economy is destroyed by counterfeiting the denomination,criminal sanction will be applied.