儒释道哲学观影响下的民间宗祠装饰--以鄂西北民间宗祠为例

Decorations on Civilian Ancestral Temples Under the Influence of Philosophical View of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism:Taking an Example of Civilian Ancestral Temples in Northwestern Hubei Province

民间宗祠是中国宗法社会体系下村落中特殊的礼制建筑,它集合了所有族人的心血,花费巨大的人力、财力、物力加以装饰。鄂西北地区因为特殊的地理区位,使鄂西北民间宗祠建筑拥有更复杂的文化基础和地域特色,不同哲学要素的影响也让鄂西北民间宗祠的装饰更能凸显多元化的特征。该文通过田野调查及对现有资料的总结归纳,探讨宗祠装饰的基本特征,描述鄂西北民间宗祠的装饰特点,并从中发现中国传统的儒释道哲学观对宗祠装饰的影响。

Civilian ancestral temples are special buildings for ritual and ceremonious in villages under Chinese patriarchal clan system, which accumulated the great efforts of clans people with decorations at huge cost of manpower, finance and materials. The special geographic location of the northwest Hubei province has made buildings of civilian ancestral temples mixed with sophisticated cultural basis and regional features. While the impact of various philosophical elements also enables the civilian decorations of ancestral temples in northwestern Hubei province more diversity. In this paper we firstly discuss the basic characteristics of decorations for ancestral temples based on field investigations and summaries of the available data, then we describe the decoration features of ancestral temples in northwestern Hubei province, so as to discover the influence of the philosophical view of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism decorations on decorations of civilian ancestral temples.