1990~2018年日照市甲型病毒性肝炎防控效果分析

Analysis on prevention and control effect of viral hepatitis A,Rizhao city,1990-2018

目的了解日照市甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)的流行病学特征并提出控制建议。方法收集分析日照市1990~2018年法定报告传染病疫情中甲肝疫情资料。结果1990~2018年日照市共报告甲肝病例3128例,1990~2018年日照市甲肝发病率整体呈下降趋势(P<0.01),2018年发病率较1990年下降了96.72%。1999、2001、2005、2010、2013、2017年发病有一定的季节性,2014、2015年发病有较强的季节性,其余年份发病无明显季节性。甲肝病例男性(2377例)多于女性(751例)(P<0.01),男女发病比例呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.01)。甲肝病例主要以农民、学生和工人为主,分别占44.15%、30.50%、12.82%。甲肝发病年龄发生后移,1990~1992年,甲肝发病主要集中在15岁以下人群占41.04%,1993~2009年,发病年龄主要集中在25~55岁,占55.33%;2010~2018年发病年龄主要集中在35~65岁,占59.4%。东部沿海地区发病率高于西部内陆地区(P<0.01)。2010~2018年甲肝疫苗平均调查接种率为93.36%,并随时间呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。结论1990~2018年甲肝报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势,目前已降至历史低发水平,甲肝疫苗预防接种为主的控制措施成效显著。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Rizhao city and put forward control suggestions.Methods Data of hepatitis A in the annual statutory report of infectious diseases in Rizhao during 1990-2018 was collected and analyzed.Results A total of 3128 hepatitis A cases were reported in Rizhao city during 1990-2018,and the incidence of hepatitis A from 1990 to 2018 showed a decreasing trend(P<0.01).The incidence in 2018 decreased by 96.72%compared with 1990.In 1999,2001,2005,2010,2013 and 2017,the incidence had a certain seasonality.In 2014 and 2015,the incidence had a strong seasonality.While in other years,the incidence had no obvious seasonality.There were more cases of hepatitis A in males(2377 cases)than in females(751 cases)(P<0.01),and the incidence ratio of males and females showed a decreasing trend year by year(P<0.01).The majority of hepatitis A cases were farmers,students and workers,respectively for 44.15%,30.50%and 12.82%.The age of onset of hepatitis A was shifted back.From 1990 to 1992,the incidence of hepatitis A was mainly concentrated in the population under the age of 15,accounting for 41.04%.From 1993 to 2009,incidence of hepatitis A was mainly in the age of 25 to 55,accounting for 55.33%.The age of onset from 2010 to 2018 was mainly 35 to 65 years old,accounting for 59.4%.The incidence in eastern coastal areas was higher than that in western inland areas(P<0.01).From 2010 to 2018,the average investigated vaccination rate of hepatitis A was 93.36%and showed an increasing trend with time(P<0.01).Conclusion From 1990 to 2018,the reported incidence of hepatitis A declined year by year,and has dropped to the historical low level.The control measures focusing on the vaccination of hepatitis A have achieved remarkable results.