庄河市甲型肝炎发病危险因素的病例对照分析

A case-control study of risk factors of hepatitis A,Zhuanghe city

目的对庄河市甲肝流行原因进行病例对照分析,为预防控制甲肝提供针对性措施。方法搜索2017年12月至2018年3月庄河市医疗机构报告的甲肝病例进行描述性分析,选取庄河市医疗机构83例甲肝住院病例纳入病例组进行病例对照研究。结果2017年12月至2018年3月庄河市医疗机构共报告甲肝病例211例,甲肝流行期间为冬季,男女性别比1.54∶1,30~49岁占病例总数79.62%(168例),农民和无业人员占病例总数73.93%(156例)。单因素分析显示生吃海鲜(OR=3.78)和在外就餐习惯(OR=1.94)是危险因素(P<0.01);多因素分析显示白蚬子(OR=3.40)和夹板虾(OR=2.59)是危险因素(P<0.01)。结论2017年12月至2018年3月庄河市医疗机构报告甲肝病例男性多于女性,30~49岁年龄段居多,农民和无业人员居多;生吃白蚬子和夹板虾是危险因素。

Objective With a case-control study to determine the epidemic reasons of hepatitis A in Zhuanghe city,so as to provide targeted measures for prevention and control of hepatitis A.Methods Hepatitis A cases reported by medical institutions in Zhuanghe city during December 2017-March 2018 were searched and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Among them,83 hospitalized cases were included into case group to conduct a case-control study.Results A total of 211 hepatitis A cases were reported during the period,the peak time of hepatitis A was winter,and the sex ratio of male to female was 1.54:1,30-50 age groups occupied 79.62%(168 cases),farmers and unemployed occupied 73.93%(156 cases).Univariate analysis showed that eating raw seafood(OR=3.78)and eating out-home(OR=1.94)were risk factors;multivariate analysis showed that white clam(OR=3.40)and shrimp(OR=2.59)were risk factors(P<0.01).Conclusion Male have more cases than female among the hepatitis A cases reported by medical institutions in Zhuanghe city during December 2017-March 2018,people aged 30-49 years,and farmers and unemployed had the highest number of cases.Eating raw white clam and shrimp are the risk factors.