炭基肥与调亏灌溉对大豆生长及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Biochar Based Fertilizer and Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Soybean

为探究棕壤土环境下适宜大豆生长的炭基肥施肥量和调亏灌溉程度,在盆栽条件下,设置4种不同水平的炭基肥施用量,并于大豆开花期进行调亏灌溉与炭基肥互作,分析炭基肥施肥量和调亏灌溉程度主效应及二者的交互效应对大豆株高、干物质重、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:轻度调亏BF2W2处理下,施加300 kg·hm^-2炭基肥对株高的补偿作用较其它处理增长幅度最大,为19.53%;施加600 kg·hm^-2炭基肥和轻度调亏灌溉互作可以促进大豆地上部干重,较对照处理增加68.59%,根干重则在600 kg·hm^-2时出现峰值,根冠比整体表现为在同一水分条件下随着施肥量的增加逐渐降低;该组合模式有利于大豆产量和水分利用效率的提高,大豆的产量为每盆89.58 g,较产量最低处理增产51.16%,该处理下水分利用效率比最低水分利用效率提高了55.07%。此种组合模式下的炭基肥施用量和调亏灌溉程度可以为该环境下的大豆生产提供理论依据。

In order to explore the effects of biochar based fertilizer application and the degree of regulated deficit irrigation on soybean growth, yield and water use efficiency under brunisolic soil environment, we setted four different levels of carbon base fertilizer application to interact with regulated deficit irrigation at the flowering stage, and analyzed the main effects of biochar based fertilizer and regulated deficit irrigation and the effects between them on the plant height, dry matter weight, yield and water use efficiency of soybean. The results showed that the compensation effect of 300 kg·ha^-1 biochar applied based on fertilizer under the slight deficit reduction(BF2W2 treatment) on plant height was the largest, which was 19.53%, the application of 600 kg·ha^-1 biochar based fertilizer and slight regulated deficit irrigation can promote the dry weight of soybean shoots, which was 68.59% higher than that of the control treatment, the root dry weight peaked at 600 kg·ha^-1, the root-shoot ratio was generally reduced under the same water condition with the increasing of fertilizer application. The model was beneficial to the increase of soybean yield and water use efficiency, whose yield of soybean was 89.58 g per pot, which increased by 51.16% compared with the lowest yield, the water use efficiency under this treatment increased by 55.07% compared with the lowest water use efficiency. This model based on the biochar fertilizer application and the degree of regulated deficit irrigation can provide a theoretical basis for the production of soybean in this environment.