外泌体在病毒感染诊断和治疗中的作用研究

The Role of Exosomes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Viral Infection

外泌体是多泡体与细胞质膜融合后释放的细胞外囊泡。它们携带有源自分泌细胞的功能性蛋白质、脂质和核酸,能够介导细胞间通信,并在生物体的致病过程中发挥重要作用。当前,对外泌体在病毒感染中的作用机制研究,以及外泌体作为病毒感染诊断和治疗的潜在标志物研究仍处于初级阶段。首先阐述了外泌体的组成和生物学发生机制;然后重点阐述了外泌体在病毒感染中的作用机制,尤其是其在免疫调节中的作用;最后探讨了外泌体作为病毒感染诊断和治疗的潜在标志物的可能性及其应用前景。

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles which released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cytoplasmic membrane.Exosomes were shown to contain functional proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids derived from secretory cells that mediating cell-to-cell communications and hence playing important roles in the physiology of the healthy and diseased organism.At present,the investigation on the mechanism of action of exosomes in viral infection and the potential markers of exosomes as a diagnosis and treatment of viral infection are still in their infancy.First described the composition and biogenesis of exosomes,and then focused on the mechanism of action of exosomes in viral infection,especially its role in immune regulation,and finally explored the diagnoses of exomes as a viral infection.And the potential for therapeutic potential markers and their application prospects.