生物发酵法制备木糖醇的研究进展

Research Progress on the Biological Fermentation of Xylitol

木糖醇由于其特殊的物理、化学性质在众多领域被广泛应用,全球需求量日益增多。目前,木糖醇的工业生产方法是由纯D-木糖在高温、高压下化学催化法制得的,该方法存在原料要求高、能耗高、条件苛刻、污染重等问题。生物发酵技术可以利用菌株发酵价格低廉的农作物废弃物来制备木糖醇,由于其原料来源广、能耗低、条件温和、环境友好等优点而备受关注,是一种潜在的具有吸引力的化学过程替代品。然而,由于发酵产物木糖醇含量低,微生物发酵法制备木糖醇的路线尚未在工业上得到实践。综述了生物法制备木糖醇过程中影响木糖醇产率的因素以及可能的菌种改造技术,并给出了生物技术生产木糖醇目前面临的挑战,进一步展望了生物法制备木糖醇的研究方向。

Xylitol is widely used in various fields because of its special physical and chemical properties,the global demand is increasing day by day.At present,the industrial production method of xylitol is produced by pure D-xylose under high temperature and pressure by chemical catalysis.There are many problems such as high requirements for raw materials,high energy consumption,rigorous conditions and heavy pollution.Biological fermentation technology can produce xylitol from low-cost crop waste fermented by strains.It has attracted much attention because of its wide source of raw materials,low energy consumption,mild condition and friendly environment,is a potentially attractive alternative to chemical processes.However,due to the low content of xylitol in fermentation products,the route of microbial fermentation to prepare xylitol has not been practiced in industry.The influencing factors in the process of bio-synthesis of xylitol and the possible technology of strain modification were reviewed.The challenges and prospects of bioproduction of xylitol were presented,and the research direction of biosynthesis of xylitol was prospected.