南京地区急诊高龄患者低钠血症发生率与气象参数的关系研究

Study on the relationship between the incidence of hyponatremia and meteorological parameters in emergency advanced age patients in Nanjing area

目的探讨南京地区急诊高龄患者低钠血症发生率与气象参数的关系。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月于该院急诊科就诊的66827例患者的临床资料,比较各年龄组(高龄组、老年组、中青年组)低钠血症的发生率;分析不同月份、不同季节各年龄组低钠血症的发生率变化情况;探讨高龄组低钠血症发生率与气象参数间的关系。结果66827例患者的总低钠血症发生率为19.5%,其中高龄组低钠血症发生率为30.1%,明显高于老年组(22.2%)和中青年组(15.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各年龄组月平均低钠血症发生率最高均出现在8月;各年龄组低钠血症发生率的高峰均出现在夏季,发生率最低均出现在春季。气温与高龄组低钠血症发生率的关系曲线呈U型,随着气温的升高,低钠血症的发生率呈先降后升的趋势(R=0.758,P<0.05)。高龄组不同人体舒适度指数(CIHB)分级下的低钠血症发生率均高于老年组与中青年组(P<0.05);高龄组不同CIHB分级之间低钠血症发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论气候对急诊高龄患者低钠血症发生率的影响较大,高温和严寒都会增加高龄患者低钠血症的发生。在日常生活中,应通过改善高龄人群的生活环境、提高其舒适度来减少低钠血症的发生。

Objective To explore the relationship between the incidence of hyponatremia and meteorological parameters in emergency advanced age patients in Nanjing area.Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 66827 patients who attended the emergency department of the hospital from January 2015 to December 2017.The incidences of hyponatremia in different age groups(advanced age group,old age group,young and middle age group)were compared;changes in the incidences of hyponatremia in different age groups in different months and seasons were analyzed;the relationship between the incidence of hyponatremia and meteorological parameters in advanced age group was investigated.Results Total incidence of hyponatremia in 66827 patients was 19.5%,the incidence of hyponatremia in advanced age group was 30.1%,which was significantly higher than that in old age group(22.2%)and young and middle age group(15.3%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The highest monthly incidence of hyponatremia in all age groups occurred in August;the peak incidence of hyponatremia in all age groups occurred in summer,and the lowest incidence occurred in spring.The relationship between temperature and the incidence of hyponatremia in advanced age group was U-shaped.As the temperature increased,the incidence of hyponatremia decreased first and then increased(R=0.758,P<0.05).The incidences of hyponatremia in different comfort index of human body(CIHB)grades in advanced age group were higher than those in old age group and young and middle age group(P<0.05).There were statistically significant difference in the incidences of hyponatremia between different CIHB grades in advanced age group(P<0.05).Conclusion Climate has a greater impact on the incidence of hyponatremia in emergency advanced age patients,high temperature and severe cold can increase the incidence of hyponatremia.In daily life,the incidence of hyponatremia should be reduced by improving the living environment and comfort of the advanced age population.