川中地区2975例过敏性疾病患者过敏原筛查结果分析

Analysis of allergens screening results of 2975 patients with allergic diseases in central Sichuan area

目的分析川中地区2975例过敏性疾病患者的过敏原筛查结果,了解该地区不同性别、年龄和疾病类型患者的常见过敏原分布情况,以指导临床防治工作。方法选取2018年1-12月于该院就诊的2975例过敏性疾病患者为研究对象,采用吸入性及食物性过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E抗体检测试剂盒(EUROLine法)、过敏原检测系统对患者进行血清过敏原检测,比较不同性别、年龄和疾病类型患者的过敏原分布情况。结果2975例患者中,有2160例患者至少有1项过敏原检测阳性,阳性率为72.6%。其中对黄豆过敏的阳性率最高,为39.8%,其次是蟑螂(34.4%)、室内尘螨组合(26.0%)、牛肉(10.1%)、花生(10.0%)。男性患者过敏原阳性率为71.5%,女性患者为73.5%,男、女比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄段患者[婴幼儿(0~5岁)、少儿(>5~12岁)、青少年(>12~18岁)、青年(>18~40岁)、中年(>40~65岁)、老年(>65岁)]过敏原阳性率分别为72.56%、71.85%、75.44%、74.97%、71.59%、61.94%,各年龄段比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。湿疹患者的过敏原阳性率最高(77.2%),特应性皮炎患者的过敏原阳性率最低(56.1%),不同疾病类型患者过敏原阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论川中地区阳性率最高的过敏原依次为黄豆、蟑螂和尘螨,不同年龄、疾病类型患者过敏原阳性率存在明显差异。

Objective To analyze the allergens screening results of 2975 patients with allergic diseases in central Sichuan area,and understand the distribution of common allergens in patients of different genders,ages and types of diseases in the region to guide clinical prevention and treatment.Methods A total of 2975 patients with allergic diseases who were treated in the hospital from January to December 2018 were selected as the research objects.Serum allergens of the patients were detected by the specific immunoglobulin E antibody detection kit(EUROline method)and the allergen detection system.The distribution of allergens in patients of different genders,ages and types of diseases were compared.Results Among the 2975 patients,at least 1 allergen was positive in 2160 patients,with a positive rate of 72.6%.Among them,the positive rate of soybean allergy was the highest(39.8%),followed by cockroach(34.4%),indoor dust mite combination(26.0%),beef(10.1%)and peanut(10.0%).The positive rate of allergens was 71.5%in male patients and 73.5%in female patients.There was no significant difference between male and female(P>0.05).The positive rates of allergens in different age groups,including infants(0 to 5 years old),children(>5-12 years old),teenagers(>12-18 years old),youth(>18-40 years old),middle age(>40-65 years old)and old age(>65 years old)were 72.56%,71.85%,75.44%,74.97%,71.59%and 61.94%respectively,the differences were statistically significant between different age groups(P<0.05).The positive rate of allergens was the highest in patients with eczema(77.2%),and the lowest in patients with atopic dermatitis(56.1%).There were significant differences in the positive rates of allergens in patients with different diseases(P<0.05).Conclusion The highest positive rates of allergens in central Sichuan area are soybean,cockroach and dust mite.There are significant differences in the positive rates of allergens in patients of different ages and types of diseases.