生态补偿:理论综述与研究展望

Ecological Compensation:Theoretical Review and Research Prospect

人们对自然资源过度开发使生态环境遭到严重破坏,而生态系统的可持续性是实现可持续发展的决定性因素,通过生态补偿修复自然生态创伤是贯彻落实科学发展观的必然要求。因此,文章从生态文明绿色和谐发展观角度出发,基于历史计量研究与层级划分的方法从生态补偿标准、生态补偿方式、生态补偿意愿、生态补偿应用4个角度对生态补偿的研究成果进行阐述。研究发现:(1)生态补偿机制结构不完备,虽有专家学者构建出系统的生态补偿体系,但大多是就"生态补偿"谈"生态补偿",缺乏对不同区域、不同时间、不同环境的具体深入研究;(2)生态补偿标准在制定时缺乏科学理论依据,而且缺乏针对不同对象、不同区域的生态补偿标准;(3)生态补偿资金来源渠道较为单一,一旦市场补偿机制发生失灵状况,会使政府承担巨大的生态补偿资金压力。因此,文章有针对性地提出4点政策启示;(1)构建结构完备的生态补偿机制,加大对生态补偿各相关主体的互动机制研究;(2)进一步明确生态补偿标准,并根据时期、地域与环境不同而适时调整;(3)扩宽生态补偿资金来源渠道,降低交易费用对生态补偿项目效果的影响;(4)保障人民群众的监督权利,不断提高生态补偿相关信息的透明度。该研究重点分析生态补偿机制在运行过程中存在的问题及解决方案,以期能够为专家学者开展相关研究提供有益参考。

The over-exploitation of natural resources has caused serious damage to the ecological environment,and the sustainability of the ecosystem is the decisive factor to achieve sustainable development.Therefore,from the perspective of green and harmonious development view of ecological civilization,this paper expounds the research results of ecological compensation from four angles:ecological compensation standard,ecological compensation mode,ecological compensation willingness and ecological compensation application based on historical measurement research and hierarchical division.It is found that:(1)the structure of ecological compensation mechanism is not complete,although some experts and scholars have constructed a systematic ecological compensation system,most of them talk about"ecological compensation"on"ecological compensation",lack of specific in-depth research on different regions,different times and different environments;(2)ecological compensation standards lack of scientific theoretical basis,and lack of ecological compensation standards for different objects and regions;(3)ecological compensation funds source channel is relatively single,once the market compensation mechanism fails,the government will bear great ecological compensation financial pressure.Therefore,four targeted policy implications are put forward:(1)to construct a well-structured ecological compensation mechanism and increase the research on the interactive mechanism of the relevant subjects of ecological compensation;(2)to further clarify the ecologicalcompensation standards and adjust timely according to the different periods,regions and environment;(3)to broaden the sources of ecological compensation funds and reduce the impact of transaction costs on the effect of ecological compensation projects;(4)to protect the supervision rights of people and continuously improve the transparency of ecological compensation related information.This research focuses on the problems and solutions of ecological compensation mechanism in operation,so as to provide useful reference for experts and scholars to carry out relevant research.