潜艇艇员对长远航中生活工作影响因素的主观排序调查

Investigation on the subjective ranking of the factors influencing the life and work of submariners in long oceangoing voyage

目的调查潜艇长远航过程中,潜艇艇员对生活工作影响因素的主观排序,并对这些因素进行探索性分析及分类。方法采用自编《潜艇长远航过程中各种因素的影响大小排序调查问卷》对潜艇部队参加过长远航的546名潜艇艇员进行调查,数据采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。结果长远航过程中各因素对艇员生活工作影响程度由大到小排序依次为:潜艇有害气体,潜艇噪声,生物节律紊乱,对个人健康的担心,信息缺乏、生活单调枯燥,岗位和休息舱室的温度、湿度,个人卫生维护难,对父母健康的担心,饮食问题,空间狭窄,岗位操作和学习压力,晕船,家庭经济压力,个人发展受限,色彩与照明的影响,与领导和战友关系。这些因素构成两类因子,分别是理化环境因素和心理社会因素。高噪声和高污染、晕船和视觉不舒适感、高温高湿及自身卫生问题和生物节律紊乱构成了长远航期间影响艇员生活和工作的理化环境因素;健康担忧及生活压力、生活枯燥无聊和人际关系与工作压力构成了心理社会因素。结论潜艇有害气体、潜艇噪声、生物节律紊乱、对个人健康的担心和信息缺乏、生活单调枯燥是对艇员工作和生活影响较大的因素。总体来说,理化环境因素的影响要大于心理社会因素,但是心理社会因素的影响也较大。应针对性地从潜艇的优化设计、心理功能维护等方面改善艇员工作和生活环境,降低各种因素对艇员生活和工作的影响。

Objective To investigate subjective ranking of factors influencing life and work among submariners in long oceangoing voyage,and to make some exploratory analysis and classification of those factors.Methods A total of 546 submariners who had taken part in long oceangoing voyage were investigated by the specially designed Questionnaire on the Influence of Various Factors in the Long Oceangoing Voyage of Submariners.The data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software.Results During the long oceangoing voyage,the order of the factors influencing submariners′life and work from high degree to low degree were as follows:submarine harmful gas,submarine noise,biorhythm disorder,worries about personal health,lack of information,monotonous life,temperature and humidity of post and rest cabin,difficulty in personal hygiene maintenance,worries about parents′health,food problem,narrow space,pressures from operation on post and learning,seasickness,family economic pressure,limited personal development,effects of color and lighting,relationships with leaders and fellow crew members.These factors constituted two categories of factors:physical and chemical environment factors and psychosocial factors.The physical and chemical environmental factors included loud noise and high pollution,seasickness and visual discomfort,high temperature and humidity,self-hygiene problems and biorhythm disorder;and the psychosocial factors were health concerns,life pressure,monotonous life,interpersonal relationship pressure,and work pressure.Conclusion The main factors that greatly affect submariners′work and life in long oceangoing voyage are harmful gas,noise,biorhythm disorder,worries about personal health,lack of information,and monotonous life.Generally speaking,the influence of the physical and chemical environment factors is greater than that of the psychosocial factors,although the latter one cannot be neglected as a major factor.It is necessary to improve the working and living environment of submariners through some targeted work,e.g.optimizing submarine design and providing psychological function care,so as to reduce the influence of various factors on the life and work of submariners.